History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v2.c34.54

v2.c34.54

This cleansing of the body in the morning is only a part of general *śauca*. Śauca is according to Gaut. VIII. 24 one of the *ātmaguṇas*. Even the Ṛg. (in VII. 56. 12 and other verses) appears to emphasize cleanliness (*śucitva*).¹⁵³⁴ According to Hārīta 'śauca is the first path to *dharma*, it is the resting place of *brahma* (Veda), the abode of *śrī* (prosperity), the means of clearing (or soothing) the mind, the favourite of gods, the means of realizing the *Ātman* and the awakener of intelligence.'¹⁵³⁵ According to Baud. Dh. S. III. 1. 26, Hārīta, Dakṣa V. 3 and Vyāghrapāda (quoted in Sm. C. I. p. 93) *śauca* is of two kinds,¹⁵³⁶ *bāhya* (outward) and *āntara* or *ābhyantara* (inward), the first being effected by water and loose earth and the latter is the purity of one's sentiments. Hārīta divides the first into three, that of *kula* (being free from impurity due to birth or death in the family), of *artha* (i. e. of the vessels and things to be used in all matters) and of *śarīra* (cf one's body); Hārīta divides *ābhyantara* into five, *mānasa* (mental), *cākṣuṣa* (of the eye i. e. not looking at things that should not be looked at), *ghrāṇya* (of the nose), *vācya* (of speech), *svādya* (of the tongue). According to a verse quoted by Haradatta on Gaut. VIII. 24 *śauca* is of four kinds, viz. of *dravya* (the vessels and things employed by one), of the mind, of speech and of the body. Vṛddha-Gautama (Jīvānanda p. 632) speaks of five kinds of *śauca* viz. of the mind, of actions, of *kula* (family), of the body and of speech. According to Manu V. 135, Viṣṇu Dh. S. 22. 81, Atri v. 31 and others there are twelve *malas* (filthy exudations or impurities) of the human body, viz. fat, semen, blood, marrow, urine, fæces, mucus of the nose, ear-wax, phlegm, tears, rheum of eyes, sweat; and the first six of these are removed by water and earth and the latter six by water ( Atri v. 32 ).