History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v3.c37.70

v3.c37.70

Śiva worship appears to be the most ancient worship that is still prevalent. Sir John Marshall's work on Mohenjo-daro ( vol. I. pp. 52-53 and plate XII No. 17 ) shows a figure that is most probably of Śiva as a great *yogin* surrounded by the elephant, the tiger, the rhinoceros and the buffalo (as Śiva is called Paśupati). Vide also the Preface to vol. I. p. VII. At Mohenjo-daro the humped and short-horned bull is among the most prominent objects. Śiva as half male and half female was worshipped long before Kālidāsa (*vide* first verse of the Mālavikāgnimitra and Kumārasambhava VII. 28). Śiva is often spoken of as Pañcatuṇḍa (with five faces), the five aspects being respectively called Sadyojāta, Vāmadeva, Aghora, Tatpuruṣa and Īśāna (vide Tai. Ār. X. 43-47, Viṣṇudharmottara III. 48. 1). Though in later times the followers of Śiva and Viṣṇu abused each other, the Mahābhārata and some of the Purāṇas exhibit a most tolerant spirit and say there is no difference between the two.¹⁷³⁰ Vide Vanaparva 39. 76 and 189. 5-6, Śānti 343. 132, Matsyapurāṇa 52. 23. The 1000 names of Viṣṇu are enumerated in Anuśāsanaparva 149. 14-120 and the 1000 names of Śiva in Anuśāsana 17 and Śānti 285. 74 ff.