History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v3.c43.93

v3.c43.93

It is often stated in the grants that lands or villages are granted with the eight *bhogas* (vide E. I. vol. VI. at p. 97, the Gadag Ins. of Hoysala Vīra-Ballāla in *śake* 1114). The eight *bhogas* are enumerated in some of the inscriptions themselves. In the Śrīśaila plates of Virūpākṣa (of *śake* 1388) they are stated to be nidhi (treasure trove), nikṣepa (what is deposited on the land), vāri (water), aśman (stones, mines), akṣiṇī (actual privileges), āgāmi (future profits), siddha (what is already brought under cultivation), sādhya (waste land that may in future be turned into cultivable land).²⁰³⁰ In the times of the Marathas when lands or villages were granted it was usual to put in such words as ‘jalataru-tṛṇa-kāṣṭha-pāṣāṇa-nidhi-nikṣepa’ (water, trees, grass, wood, stones, treasure-trove and deposits). It has been decided by the modern Indian Courts that these words conferred on the grantee ownership in the soil itself and that in the absence of these words it is possible to hold that the grant was only of the royal share of the revenue and not of the soil itself.²⁰³¹