History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v4.c64.1708

v4.c64.1708

Tanks, construction of, by the State 162-63. Tantra, works on 215. Tantraratna 555n. Tantravārtika of Kumārila, 38n, 47n, 676n, 694n, 695n, 829n, 830, 834, 835n, 838, 839n, 841n, 842, 843n, 844, 846, 847n, 849n, 852, 853, 855, 857n, 858, 870n, 871, 964n, 965, 968n. Tawney 198, 283. Taxation; higher t. could be imposed in calamities after appealing to or requesting the people 185; how to impose in case of famines or other dangers 188; principles of, in ancient Indian works 184-185; principles of, laid down by Adam Smith 186n; should be felt as being light 185. Taxes, are the king's wages for the protection he gives 27, 187, 189; exemption from, applied only to very learned brāhmaṇas and not to all brāhmaṇas 195; exemptions from t. mentioned in land grants were eighteen 195; levied on marriages and *upanayana* 198; levied on merchandise 192-193; levied on persons performing *śrāddha* at Gayā 198; not to be collected from learned brāhmaṇas, women, minors, students, ascetics and śūdras doing menial work for others 1, 194; not to be levied on improved land till cost of improvement was recovered by cultivator 191; ordinarily king was to take one-sixth of grain as t., but even one-fourth or even one-third in calamities 185; persons exempt from payment of 1; principal payers of t. were agriculturists, artisans, traders &c. 191; rates of, were fixed by the smṛtis and could be varied only in emergencies 184-185; reasons why people must pay t. to king 189-90; rise in, to be gradual 186; what prevented kings from exacting excessive t. 198. Taxila copperplate of Moa 308. Taylor, Jeremy 238. Taylor, on 'Evidence' 336n, 338. Teacher, to be fined for failing to teach a lore or craft after receiving fees 481. Telang, Mr. Justice 570n, 698n, 751n. Temples, duty of village elders to increase property of 166; king could in calamities requisition wealth of 188, 197; property of, not lost by long possession of another 327. Thakur, Dr. Amareshwar, on 'Hindu Law of evidence' 306. Theft, definition of 519; distinguished from crimes of violence 525; duty of officers to catch thieves and make good loss caused by 167-168; enhancement of sentence for repeatedly committing 405; liability of village headman for t. 167-68; liability of whole village in certain cases of 168; no liability to make good loss if man robbed by his own servant 167; no t. if a man took without permission certain articles 523-524; of three kinds, acc. to the value of the subject of 519. Thieves, cutting of fingers and hands of 522; frequently mentioned in the Ṛgveda 519; goldsmith is the worst of all t. 521; how detected and caught 520; nine kinds of secret t. 520; not to be convicted on mere suspicion 521; punishment for harbouring or giving food or help to t. and receiving stolen property from 523; special officers appointed for catching 168; to be made to restore property stolen or its price 167; two kinds of, patent and secret 520; various punishments for 521-22; were punished with death in Upaniṣadic times 387. Throne, how made 82. Time, brings about all results, acc. to some 170. Tīrthas (high officers of State) were 18, 112.