Studies in Ancient Hindu Polity (Based on the Arthashastra of Kautilya), Vol. I c6.11

c6.11

(ii) Appointing, on payment of a certain fee, cowherds, each of whom was placed in charge of a herd of 100 head, containing in equal numbers the following five classes of cattle, viz. aged cows (जरद्गु), milch cows (धेनु), pregnant cows (गर्भिणी), young cows (पष्ठीही), and female calves (वत्सतरी). The fee was 8 vârakas (i.e. 3 3/20 seers) of ghee, as well as the tail and branded² skin of dead cows. This system was called करप्रतिकर.³