Local Government in Ancient India c17.156

c17.156

Lead, 265, 267; — workers, 85 Learned designations, 284 Learning, grant of village for, 283; promotion of, 284–5 Leather-makers, 71, 74, 85; — workers, 66 Legal exclusiveness and social standing, 73–5 Legends, 283 Levy by force, 264 Libation, sacred, 131 Licchavis, 197 Licences, 254, 256, 257–8 Lilies, 110, 255 Liṅgāyat revival, 13, 288; — Śaivas, 262 Literary evidence, method of using, 26; confirmed by epigraphic, 88; criticism of, 111, 164–5, 305 Loans, recovery of, 88; —, emergency, 290–1 Local Government, an earnest of freedom, 21; best school of political training, 21; ——, ancient: protected Hindu culture, 1–2, 19; survived all changes, 2–3, 9; practically *sui generis*, 6–7; state co-operation with, 7; smoothed the way for emperors, 9; study of, useful to government and people, 21; throws light on ancient Hindu democratic development, 22; general view of, 202; *sabhā*, 202, 307, 309; *agrahāra*, 202; *ūrār*, 203, 310; *mahāsabhā*, 203, 307, 310; *nagarattār*, 203; *naṭṭār*, 204, 310, 314; *nādu*, 204–6, 311, 314; hierarchy of bodies, 206–7; two types of, 308–9; parliamentary assemblies, 259–60, 264, 311–12; ——, functions of, 212; protective, 212–19; civil, 219–34; external, 234–50; ——, future, should rest on social grouping of the past, 316–18; ——, modern: two schools of, 20; a combination of these best, 20; conservative development of, promised, 21; ——, Western: importance of, 5–6; created by the central body, 6 Local Government Board, 237–42; the *adhikārin* and his functions, 237–9. Local institutions, ancient, still represented in India, 23; functions of, 27; terminology of, 27, 28–35; groups of, 275–6, 277–9 Logical order, 26