Local Government in Ancient India c17.159

c17.159

Manslaughter, 140-2 *Mantra-Brāhmaṇa*, 175, 201 Mantras, 175 *Manu*, 15, 29, 31, 34, 70, 72, 74, 86, 113, 125, 126-7, 129, 136, 160, 161, 162, 177, 178 *Manu-śāstra*, 282 Mārañjadaiyan, 200 Marāthās, 17-18 Marco Polo, 267 Mariners, 47, 266-7 Markets, 77, 254; —, deposits with, 107, 108 Marriage fee, 254; — sacrament, 269-70 Marshall, Sir John, 111 Marudāḍu, 293 Marugal, 300 Masons, 48, 278 Maternity institution, 278 Mathurā, 34 (note), 45, 89 Matthai, Dr. John, *Village Government in British India*, 6 (note), 316 Mauryan Empire, natural difficulties of, solved by decentralization, 8-9; used existing machinery, 9; recognized local autonomy, 10 Mauryas, 96 Mayilārpura (Mylapore), 260 Mayūravarman, 287 Mazumdar, Dr. R., 189 (note) Measure (of capacity), 103, 151 (note); (of surface), 175, 235-6 Meat-sellers, 71 Mechanical engineers, 71, 86 Mechanics, 71, 74 Medhātithi, 29, 70, 74 Medicines, 52, 98, 118, 275 Megasthenes, 121, 234, 306 Memorandum of Association, 143 Mercenaries, 262 Merchandise, 79, 261, 265, 267, 268 Merchant (*seṭṭhi*), importance of shown in Buddhist literature, 46; wealth and influence of, 49-50; — princes, 49, 50, 52; gifts of, 88-91 Merchants, 49, 50, 51, 52, 63, 78-80, 88-91, 100, 135, 162, 203, 208, 211, 259-68, 281, 312, 313; as wanderers and heroes, 78-80, 261; —, guilds of, less developed than craft-guilds, 78; Sopāra guild, 80; Hansa Leagues of, 100, 261, 312; seals of, 112, 113; examples of, from inscriptions, 258-61, 265-6; protection of Kattūr by guild, 260; travel and merchandise of, 261, 265;