Local Government in Ancient India c17.174

c17.174

Tamil evidence, 234, 311; — poets, 285; — sailors, 268-9 (note) Tanjore, 94, 95, 106, 107, 108, 119, 147 (note), 152 (note), 244 Tank Committee, responsibilities of, 155; — endowments and finance, 155-6, 166; —, famous, of Vayiramega, 148-9; —, gift of, 110; cleaning, 151; tax, 254 Tanks, 144, 146, 147, 148-56, 229, 256, 265, 303-4 *Tattvabodhini*, 33 Tax as gift, 100, 266; — free land, 109, 147, 205, 229, 232, 239-40, 256-7, 300; —— village, 256, 260 Taxes, exemption from, 149, 256-7; local and royal, 254-6; general scheme of, 257-8 Taxila, 114 Teacher and taught, personal relationship of, 59-60 Teachers, free school, 277; head, 279; of arts, 70, 76; of grammar, 274, 277; of logic, literature, and the āgamas, 278; of religion, 277; of *Vedas* and *Sūtras*, 178, 276, 277, 278, 280, 282 Teaching, piece-work payment for, 280 Teg Bahādur, 17 Telugu, 133, 170, 185 Temple, gift of, 93; funds of, banked, 106; acting as bank, 117 (note); as school of local government, 209; officials of, 209-11; collective management of, 211; royal interference in, 243-4, 245; voluntary service to, 264; as school of philosophy, 276, 277; as money-lender, 290, 291; building of, interrupted by famine, 291-2, collective gift of, 301; reconsecration of, 293, 302 Temples, construction of, 265, 275, 299; provision for, 299; —, tax-free, 256 Terms, general, do not imply looseness of structure or function, 27; Sanskrit, various and often of doubtful meaning, 28-35; existence of, proves reality of institutions designated, 35; transplanted from North to South, 307 Terra-cotta, 111 Theatrical performances, 68, 70, 301 Theft, 140, 177 *Thondai-Maṇḍala-paddayam*, 311 Thread, 100 Threshing-floor, 256 Tiger, killing a, 297; — skin, 265 Tiles, 255 Tin, 265; — workers, 85 Tiraimur, 187 Tirucchattimuram, 273 Tiruccheṅgāttāṅgudi, 300 Tirukkacchūr, 266, 290 Tirupputūr, 293 Tiruvaraṅgulam, 292 Tiruveṅgavāśal, 301 Tiruvorraiyūr, 274, 302, 304 Toddy-drawers, 254, 255, 256 Toleration, ancient Hindu, 278-9 Tolls, 84, 100, 252, 256, 258; collector of, 258 Torch-bearers, 210 Tortoise, 228 Town Hall, 197 Towns, gifts by, 91, 93 Trade dealings forbidden to Brāhmaṇas, 75 (note); — teaching, 58-60; — union, 235 Traders, 38, 39, 48 (note), 82; 112, 113, 122, 125, 135, 249; —, guild-seals of, 112, 113 (see Merchants) Trades, low, 65, 66-7, 68-75 Traitors, 213, 248 Trappers, 63, 65, 71 Travellers (strangers, visitors), 144, 145, 230, 273, 277 Treason, 159, 247, 248 Treasurer, king's, 47, 49, 61, 76; —, village, 185, 211 Treasuries, 218, 231 Tree-planting, 99, 255 Trees, 255, 257 Trial by one's peers, 135 Trichinopoly, 153, 263 Triraśmi, Mount, 98 Tribal communities, two types of, 24; Aryan type, developed into democratic states, 24; Semitic types, developed monarchically, 24-5; more primitive than Indian institutions, 25 Trumpet summons, 186 Trustees, 92, 166 Tukārāma, 18 Tulsīdās, 16 *Tulsi-krit-Rāmāyana*, 16 Tumblers, 68 Turmeric, 257 Twice-born classes, 37, 39, 60, 125-6, 161, 162