Chandragupta Maurya and His Times c10.31

c10.31

**Its Sources.** As we have already seen, the items of Land Revenue mentioned are derived from a variety of sources described under the term *Rāshṭra* which means 'the country side' or rural area, excluding the *Durga*. These are technically called (1) *Sītā* (Crown land); (2) *Bhāga* or the sixth part of agricultural produce payable to the State; (3) *Kara*, or the levy of an impost upon the yield of orchards; (4) *Vivīta* or a levy on pastures; (5) *Vartanī* or road-cess; (6) *Rajjū* or cess payable for settlement; (7) *Chora-rajjū* or Chowkidari or Police cess; (8) *Setu*, irrigated lands and tanks; (9) *Vana* or forests; (10) *Vraja* or Cattle-breeding Farms or Stud-Farms; (11) *Bali*, presents to the king, a sort of abwabs; (12) *Mines* such as those of "gold, silver, diamond, gems, pearls, corals, conch-shells, metals, salts, and other minerals extracted from earth, stone, or oilfields (*rasa*) like mercury." [II. 6].