The State in Ancient India: A Study in the Structure and Practical Working of Political Institutions in North India in Ancient Times c14.133

c14.133

The king should, on all affairs of state, constantly consult his advisory council of which the number had been placed by Manu (probably a representative of Arthaśāstra school occasionally quoted by Kauṭalya) at 12, by Bṛhaspati at 16, by Uśanas at 20. Kauṭalya himself only remarks that the council should consist of as many members as the needs of the state rendered desirable. The utmost secrecy should be observed in regard to the proceedings of the council. One by one the members should express their opinion and debate freely. The final decision should rest with the king alone who, however, is expected by Kauṭalya to accept the view of the majority. The king might also consult only three or four ministers or even single individuals.²