Mughal Administration c18.s4.7

c18.s4.7

The mid-19th century also witnessed the rise of early Zionist sentiments, as some Jewish intellectuals began to question the viability of long-term survival in the Diaspora. The pogroms that followed the assassination of Tsar Alexander II in 1881 served as a catalyst for this shift in consciousness, leading to the *Hibbat Zion* (Love of Zion) movement and the first waves of *Aliyah* (immigration) to Palestine. This period marked a turning point in Jewish history, as the community grappled with the challenges of modernity, persecution, and the search for a new national identity.