Administrative System of the Marathas c30.91

c30.91

Peshwa—his status and function, 196-198; rises to the real headship of the Maratha empire, 202 ; he regulates social and religious affairs, 202-204 ; consequence of the rise of the Peshwas, 204 ; the attitude of the old Sardars towards the Peshwas, 205-206 ; the nature of his control over the feudal barons, 206-208 ; the nature of his despotism, 209-211 ; the nature of his control over village communities, 242 ; revenue policy, 272 and the following ; sources of Peshwa's income, 274 ; improvement of agriculture, 279-282 ; system of land inspection, 281-282 ; classification and assessment of lands, 282-288 ; payment in cash usually permitted, 288 ; special treatment of Brahmans, 289-290 ; encouragement of cocoanut and other plantations, 291-292; reclamation of waste lands, 292-295; remission of rent in case of famine and other calamities, 295-298; policy of taxation, 298-299; irrigation projects, 299-301; tagai loans and their utility 301-306; Batai system, 306-307; other sources of the Peshwa's revenue—census, forests, mints, customs duties, Mohatarfa, Zakat, market-towns, monopoly, shipbuilding, excise, etc., 308-346; estimate of total revenue of the Peshwas, 342-343; facilities for the means of communication under the Peshwas, 381; administration of justice under them, 347-396; the Peshwas as the ecclesiastical heads of the state, 397; their regulation of the social affairs of the country, 398-417; their spirit of toleration, 400-401; instances of their superstitious beliefs, 401-402; readmission of violated women to their caste, 408-409; cases of informal marriage sanctioned, 410-411; re-admission of renegades into their original caste, 412-414; exaction of dowry prohibited, 414-416; instance of forcible marriage nullified, 416; management of prisons under the Peshwas, 417-424; leave for religious duties, 418-419; consideration for the prisoner's health 419-421; treatment of political prisoners, 421-424; defect of the Maratha prison, 424; police system, 424-432; the navy, 433-439; the army, 439-469; education policy 470-471; library, 472; encouragement of the study of medicine, 472; concluding remarks on the administrative system of the Peshwas, 472-476; sources of income—land revenue and cesses, 528-546; their basis on the old Hindu system, *ibid*; encouragement and improvement of agriculture under the Peshwas: their basis on the old Hindu system 541-546: the economic policy of the Peshwas: a relic of the past, 546-547; the nature and extent of state interference in the trade of the country, *ibid*; military organisation and the survival of the conventional practices and principles of the old Hindu tacticians and theorists, 548-553; Muhammadan influence on the system of state interference in the manufacturing industries of the country, 630-631; Mughal influence on the military organisation of the Peshwa, 633-646.