Republics in Ancient India, c. 1500 B.C.–500 B.C. c19.1

c19.1

Ābhīras, 171 *Abhisekha-Pokkharaṇī*, 105, 179 *Ācārāṅga Sūtra*, 161, 166, 167; on *gaṇa* and *saṅgha* *Adhipati*, 55 *Adhyayanas*, 167 Ādityas, *gaṇas* of, 8 Aetolians, 138 Agni, 21, 35, 50, 52, 53, 64, 65, 66, 67, 73-4, 77, 78 Agni Vaiśvānara, 136, 137 Ahīrs, 171 *Aitareya Brāhmaṇa*, 90; on Bhargas, 228; ethnological tables in, 136; on selective kingship, 25; on Videhas, 138-39 Ajātasattu, 84, 135, 157, 178, 184, 216, 217; ambitions of, 131; annexation of Kosala, 206; annexation of Vajjian territory, 126-27; attack on Kosala, 205, 217; fortification of Pāṭaligāma, 92; hatred of Vajjis, 94-95, 111, 131, 132; — Kūṇiya, 133; mother of, 127, 141-42, 156; origins of, 127; as parricide, 127; pressure on republics, 240; sovereign rights of, 115; war with Vajjis, 6, 205, origin of, 131, time of, 125 Ājīvikas, 96 Ālāra, 236 Alexander, 13, 16, 179n 5; his historians on republics and monarchies, 240 Allahabad Pillar Inscription, 238, 240; mentions republics, 13 Allakappa, 178, 184, 225, 227; — *rājā*, 225, 226 *Allakapparaṭṭha*, 225, 227 Altekar, A.S., 2, 4, 10, 11, 15, 87, 93, 202; on elective kingship, 25; on excavations at Vesāli, 104-05, 133; on Koliyan assembly, 214; on Kṣatriya colonizers, 112; on Licchavian council and assembly, 103; on Mallian executive, 177; on Sakyan decision-making, 201; on Vajjians, 146-47; on *vidatha*, 70, 74; on Videhan Council, 152-53 *Althing*, 41; date of establishment and number of, 37-38 *Amaccās*, 196, 214, 215 *Amarakoṣa*, 192 Ambapālī, honoured courtesan of the Licchavian republic, 104; political influence of, 116; relation with Bimbisāra, 132 Ambarīsha, 204 Ambaṭṭha, 185, 191, 196 Am Kohil, 194 Āmrapālī. *See* Ambapālī Amra Skyong-ma. *See* Ambapālī *Amṛta*, 68 Aṁśa, 64 Ānanda, 115, 172, 173, 175, 176, 178; last days of, 133 Āndhras, 228 Aṅga, 91, 136, 140, 144, 169, 210, 242 Aṅgati, 141, 151 *Aṅgāram*, 218 *Aṅguttara Nikāya*, 169, 182, 219, 225, 234, 235, 236; on 16 *janapadas*, 148; on Koliyas, 209 Anomā, 213, 221 Anthropological studies, 32, 70; of chieftainless tribes, 7 Anurādhapura, the great *stūpa* at, 212 *Apadāna*, 215, 229, 231; on Koliyas, 209 Apte, V.S., on etymology of Videha, 142 Aramati, 67, 77 Archaeological evidence, 133 Archaic assembly. *See viś* Arhat, 96 Aristocracies: evolution of, 17, 18; extinction of, 5; spirit of freedom in, 5; transformation into monarchies in early Vedic period, 5 Aristocratic (or non-monarchical) governments: end of, 61-2; forms of in Vedic period, 15; in Vedic India, 3