An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v2.c28.548

v2.c28.548

*Pd III*, early historical A (*c*. 600-100 B C.). The Chalcolithic culture of Pd II merged into the early historical period, Pd III, as suggested by the overlap of the painted pottery with the NBPW [11.16]. The other characteristics of Pd III, are the use of iron, black-and-red ware and punch-marked and cast coins [3.1]. Only half-a-dozen sherds of the NBPW have been found, and the only recognizable shape is the characteristic bowl. Of the black-and-red ware no complete vessels have been found. Some sherds are internally polished in black, while some others are altogether untouched but show marks of grass, etc., used as binding material—a peculiarity seen also at MAHESHWAR-NAVDATOLI. The other fabrics are coarse red and coarse black, the first lesser in quantity. The houses of the Pd are built on coarse rubble foundation mortared in black clay. The walls are made of perishable material like wood or bamboo and roofs of tiles with nails. Iron arrowheads, spearheads, nails, hooks and the like occur. The kitchen equipment consists of legged querns, pestles [6.19], earthen ovens, bowls and dishes with broad or featureless rims and round-shaped jars. Beads and bangles of conch, copper and ivory represent ornaments. Toys consist of terracotta wheels and bull, horse and dog figurines. The Pd is particularly remarkable for the advanced system of drainage as seen from fragments of drains of pottery pipes joined together with elbow-bends, ring-wells [14.15] or soak-pits and soakwells made by putting one large jar of cut base over the other.