An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v2.c30.353

v2.c30.353

Pd IV represents the culture of the 1st century B.C. to the 3rd century A.D., which includes the Kushan period. The structural remains, generally built of burnt bricks, belong to both monastic and residential buildings. The former represent a Buddhist monastery built in blocks; each block contains three cells with a veranda in front. Of the residential structures one of the blocks shows two small interconnected rooms with a drain passing through their floors into a square cistern outside the main building. Probably these rooms are a bathroom and lavatory. Further a shrine-like square chamber of thick and massive wall has been exposed. The average size of the cells is 2·3 m sq. A monastic kitchen, about 100 steps to the w. of the monastic establishment, is constructed of mud wall and has a *surkhi*-rammed floor with the evidence of an oven with associated burnt material. The kitchen area has yielded a terracotta torso of Hārītī. The living-room, bathroom and lavatory measure 4·4 × 2·32, 1·40 × 0·99 and 1·86 × 1·42 m respectively. The bricks used in both monastic and residential structures measure 41 × 25 × 6cm. These structural remains show five phases; the last two phases are very poor and clumsy, almost built of brickbats of earlier structures. The structures of first two phases had tiled roofs, as terracotta tiles are associated with them.