An Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology v2.c30.52

v2.c30.52

**Chakradharpur** (20°42'; 85°30'), Dt Singhbhum, on the left bank of the Sanjai, known for a long time for its rock-paintings [13] and, with its neighbourhood further e., covering CHAIBASA and SINI, for its yield of Stone Age artefacts (Ball, 1865, pp. 118-20; Anderson, 1917, pp. 349-52; Ghosh, 1932; etc.). The first systematic exploration of the valley was undertaken by Ghosh, 1966, 1970, 1971, on behalf of the Dept. of Anthropology, Univ. of Calcutta, who identified in the Pleistocene [9.8.2] deposits of the river section three Palaeolithic [4.2.4] industries, successively: (i) a chopper-biface industry (Abbevillian), with crude choppers, Acheulian I, predominantly with handaxes and crude side-scrapers, Acheulian II with true cleavers, and Acheulian III with an advance over the preceding stage; (ii) flake industry, with limited handaxes but with a preponderance of scrapers; and (iii) a flake-blade industry, with end-scrapers and burins as characteristic types. Anderson, 1917, in *Jour. Bihar & Orissa Res. Soc.*, 3, pp. 349-72. Ball, B., 1865, in *Proc. Asiatic Soc. Bengal*, pp. 127-8. Ghosh, A.K., 1966, in *Actes du VIIᵉ Congrès International des Sciences préhistoriques et protohistoriques, 1966*, Prague; 1970, in *Trans. American Philosophical Soc.*, New Series, 60; 1971, *Arch. & Physical Anthropology in Oceania*, 6, 2, pp. 87-101. Ghosh, M., 1932, *Rock-paintings and other Antiquities of Prehistoric & Later Times*, Mem. ASI, 24.