Aspects of Mahayana Buddhism and its Relation to Hinayana c12: List of Pāli and Sanskrit Words

Aspects of Mahāyāna Buddhism and its Relation to Hīnayāna c12

Language: English

List of Pāli and Sanskrit Words

c12.1

*Aggasāvaka*, the foremost disciple, 75 *Agrabodhi*, the highest knowledge, 93, 113 *Aṅga*, division of the Buddhist scriptures *Advaya*, non-duality *Advaidhīkāra*, inseparability, indivisibility *Adhicitta*, higher mental practices *Adhipaññā*, higher practices for insight into the Truth *Adhimukti*, aspiration, 85, 243 *Adhisīla*, higher practices relating to control of body *Adhiṣṭhāna* (*adhiṭṭhāna*), resolution, 12, 280 *Anātman* (*anattan*), the doctrine that every being is constituted of vanishing elements and hence is without any permanent substance as soul *Anābhoga*, not requiring power or exertion, *i.e.*, spontaneous, self-created (Tib. lhun-grub), 273, 280 *Anitya* (*anicca*), the doctrine that things of the world are transitory, impermanent *Animitta*, signless and baseless, 94, 131f, 172, 191, 273 *Animitta-vimokṣa-mukha*, mental dissociation from the things of the world by meditating that they are baseless and signless, 274 *Anupādāya*, without attachment *Anuśaya*, dormant passions, desires, 30, 177, 263 *Anusmṛti*, constant remembrance, 304 *Apratiṣṭhita* (*apaṭiṭṭhita*), footingless *Apranihita* (*appaṇihita*) *-vimokṣa-mukha*, mental dissociation from the things of the world through meditation devoid of all desires, 94, 274, 132 *Apramāṇa*, immeasurable, it usually refers to the four *brahma-vihāras* (q.v.), or to powers and attainments of Buddhas *Abhijñā* (*abhiññā*), the six supernormal powers attained by arhats, 168, 266

c12.2

∗ Words appearing in the Index or only once in the text with their English rendering have been omitted here.

c12.3

*Abhinirhāra*, resolution to achieve something, 284 *Abhiniveśa*, adherence to a dogma, 250; occupied with *Abhisamaya*, comprehension, full knowledge *Ariyapuggala*, persons on the way to salvation *Avyākṛta (avyākata)*, indeterminable, unmanifest *Aśūnya*, real, non-relative *Aśaikṣa (asekha)*, arhats who have nothing more to learn *Aṣṭāngikamārga (atthangikamagga)*, the eightfold path, i.e., the eight kinds of practices prescribed for the attainment of emancipation *Asamsāra*, transcendental *Asamskṛta*, unconstituted

c12.4

*Ādikarmika*, beginner *Āpatti*, breaches of the monastic laws, hence, any offence *Āyatana*, spheres; sources or planes of the origin of senses (Tib. skye-mched) *Āryasatya*, the fourfold truth, or the fourfold method of analysis followed by the Buddhists for examining worldly things *Ālambana (ārammaṇa)*, basis, support *Ālaya-vijñāna*, the store-consciousness, the substratum of saṃsāra *Āveṇika-dharma*, it refers to the eighteen qualities which a bodhisattva acquires without any flaw (cf. Tib. chos-ma-ḥdres-pa) *Āsaya*, mental disposition, intention *Āśraya*, substratum, support *Āsrava (Āsava)*, (four) impurities

c12.5

*Indriya*, organs of sense, faculty, power

c12.6

*Upāya*, expedient, mean s *Upanissaya*, previous merits, 173, 248 *Upādāna*, substratum of future births due to attachment to four wrong ideas

c12.7

*Ṛddhi (iddhi)*, supernatural powers

c12.8

*Karma*, action *Kalpanā*, imagination, thought-construction, net of fancies *Kuśalamūla*, merits acquired through good actions *Kleśa (kilesa)*, impurities, passions, afflictions, defiling elements *Kṣīṇāsrava*, arhats who are free from impurities *Gotra*, a category of beings having a certain degree of religious aspiration, 55, 84f *Caryā*, practice, conduct *Citta = manas = manovijñāna*, mind, thought *Caitta*, mental functions *Chanda*, intention; strong *Jhāna (dhyāna)*, trances *Tathatā*, thatness, *i.e.*, the Mahāyānic principle that things in reality remain the same and is without origin and destruction *Duḥkha (dukkha)*, the doctrine that existence in any of the various worlds, or attachment to the things of the world is associated with pain, misery and so forth *Dṛṣṭi (diṭṭhi)*, view : *samyak*, right, and *mithyā*, wrong *Dveṣa (dosa)*, hatred *Dharma (dhamma)*, truth, doctrine, existent things and conditions, nature of things, qualities acquired by an adept, discourses *Dharmatā = Tathatā* (q.v.) *Dhātu*, elements, worlds, *viz.*, kāma, rūpa, and arūpa, sometimes also apariyāpanna or lokottara; also relics *Dhāraṇī*, the twelve qualities which firmly uphold a bodhisattva (Tib. gzuṅs; Chi. 絕持 = chueh-ch' ih), 282 *Nāman*, sign, name, 234n. *Nāmarūpa*, usually translated as "name and form"; *nāma* denotes four of the five khandhas, *viz.*, vedanā, saññā, saṅkhārā and viññāṇa, while *rūpa* denotes only the material aggregates of a body (*rūpakkhandha*) *Nimitta*, sign, basis, 131, 232, 234n *Nirnimitta*, signless, baseless *Nirodha*, cessation; the third truth that duḥkha can be ended *Nisprapañca*, inexpressible *Nairātmya*, non-existence of soul (*ātman*), want of substance in both Pudgala (individual) and Dharma (things of the world)

c12.9

*Pakatisāvaka*, a common disciple *Paramārtha*, the highest truth *Paryavasthānas*, pervading passions, 27n, 30 *Pāramitā*, the six or ten virtues which a bodhisattva must completely acquire before he can become a Buddha *Pudgala (Puggala)*, soul, individual *Prajñapti*, description, communication *Prajñā*, knowledge; intellectual exercises for obtaining insight into the truth *Pratigha (Paṭigha)*, repugnance *Pratītyasamutpāda*, the theory that all things originate out of some causes and conditions. It is usually translated as "Law of Causation", "Causal Law", and recently as "Theory of relative existence" *Pratibhāna*, readiness in speech, self-confidence in speech *Pratisamkhyā*, knowledge *Pratisamvid (paṭisambhidā)*, understanding (Tib. so-so-yan-dag-par-rig-pa), analysis; (for detailed treatment see *Points of the Controversy*, pp. 377-382). It is of four kinds: artha, dharma, nirukti and pratibhāna, 277, 283 *Prapañca*, describing a thing which is indescribable, hence a mere thought-construction; looking upon unity as manifold, 125, 187, 192, 197f., 213f

c12.10

*Phala*, Hīnayānic fruits or stages of sanctification

c12.11

*Bala*, powers, qualities *Buddhakṣetra*, it refers to the belief that every Buddha presides over a world of beings, 67n, 89, 121 *Bodhicitta*, the resolution made by an adept to become a Buddha; it is of two kinds, (i) Bodhipraṇidhi and (ii) Bodhiprasthāna, 247 *Bodhipakṣika (bodhipakkhika or bodhipakkhiya) dharma*, the 37 qualities which an adept is to attain for full enlightenment, 4, 33, 91, 107, 246, 270 *Brahmavihāra*, meditation induced by altruistic concepts, 267, 308

c12.12

*Bhāva*, existence *Bhāvanā*, dwelling on something constantly *i.e.*, repeated *darśana* *Bhūtakoṭi*, limit or end of existence (Tib. yod-pa-ñid-kyi-mthah, also yaṅ-dag-pa-ñid-kyi-mthah—*dharmadhātu*)

c12.13

*Bhūmi*, stages of sanctification

c12.14

*Mārga*, (i) the eightfold path, see *aṣṭāṅikamārga*; (ii) the four of the eight Hinayānic stages of sanctification

c12.15

*Moha*, delusion

c12.16

*Yāna*, vehicle, or path which leads an adept to liberation

c12.17

*Rāga*, passion, attachment

c12.18

*Rūpa*, material aggregates of a body; form

c12.19

*Lakṣaṇa*, percept, properties, characteristics

c12.20

*Lokadhātu*, a sphere, a unit of the universe

c12.21

*Vāsanā*, unconscious impression left by past actions, 197n., 234

c12.22

*Vaśitā*, control acquired by a Bodhisattva over his mind, requisite length of life, action, birth, aspiration, doctrines, resolution, miraculous powers, and knowledge, 117, 281

c12.23

*Vikalpa*, thought-construction

c12.24

*Vimokṣa*, liberation, release; it usually refers to the three meditations induced by *śūnyatā*, *animitta* and *apraṇihita*, (q.v.) 160, 274

c12.25

*Vimukti*, emancipation, liberation, deliverance

c12.26

*Vaiśāradya* (*vesārajja*), four acquisitions which make Buddhas fearless, 75, 85, 108, 247, 281

c12.27

*Vicikitsā* (*vicikicchā*), perplexity, doubt about the efficacy of following the Buddhist dharma

c12.28

*Vihāra* (*bhūmi*), stages of sanctification

c12.29

*Vipassanā*, deep vision, insight (Tib. lhag-thoṅ)

c12.30

*Vyāpāda*, hatred, ill-will

c12.31

*Śamatha*, quietude, an absolute inexcitability of mind (Tib. shi-gnas)

c12.32

*Śaraṇa*, taking refuge in the three ratnas, Buddha, Dharma and Saṅgha

c12.33

*Śāśatavāda*, eternalism, 87, 170

c12.34

*Śikṣāpada*, set of precepts, 311

c12.35

*Śīlavrataparāmarśa*, taint due to belief in the efficacy of rites and ceremonial observances

c12.36

*Śūnya*, devoid of attributes, non-existent *Śūnyatā*, the Absolute which is devoid of all attributes *Śraddhā*, reverential faith *Śrāvaka* (*sāvaka*), usually it means disciples; the Mahāyānists, however, refer by this term to the Hīnayānists because the latter are initiated into the Truth by hearing discourses from Buddhas and their disciples

c12.37

*Satkāyadṛṣṭi* (*sakkāyadiṭṭhi*), belief in the existence of one’s own individuality *Samatā*, the sameness of things of the world in reality, *i.e.*, things are without origination and destruction, not to speak of their distinctions *Samādhi*, concentration *Samāpatti*, the eight trances, *i.e.*, including the four jhāna*s* *Samudaya*, origin, it usually refers to the origin of misery or sufferings of the world, 49, 82, 227 *Samudācāra*, conduct, set of precepts, 310 *Samgrahavastu*, elements of popularity *Samvara*, discipline *Samvṛti*, conventional truth, as distinguished from Paramārtha (q.v.) *Samyojana*, (ten) fetters, tieing a being to the world *Samsāra*, world, existence, 46, 82, 94 *Skandha* (*khandha*), (i) the five constituents of a being, *rūpa* (material aggregates), *vedanā* (feeling), *samjñā* (perception) *samskāra* (impressions) and *vijñāna* (consciousness), 117, 136, 142, 163, 201–202
(ii) five groups of acquirements, *viz.*, *śīla*, *samādhi*, *prajñā*, *vimukti* and *vimuktijñānadarśana*, 104, 108 *Samskṛta*, constituted *Smṛtyupasthāna* (*satipatthāna*), intent contemplation and mindfulness, 108, 230, 236 *Svabhāva*, existence, reality *Sāmānya*, general