Aspects of Mahayana Buddhism and its Relation to Hinayana c12.8

c12.8

*Karma*, action *Kalpanā*, imagination, thought-construction, net of fancies *Kuśalamūla*, merits acquired through good actions *Kleśa (kilesa)*, impurities, passions, afflictions, defiling elements *Kṣīṇāsrava*, arhats who are free from impurities *Gotra*, a category of beings having a certain degree of religious aspiration, 55, 84f *Caryā*, practice, conduct *Citta = manas = manovijñāna*, mind, thought *Caitta*, mental functions *Chanda*, intention; strong *Jhāna (dhyāna)*, trances *Tathatā*, thatness, *i.e.*, the Mahāyānic principle that things in reality remain the same and is without origin and destruction *Duḥkha (dukkha)*, the doctrine that existence in any of the various worlds, or attachment to the things of the world is associated with pain, misery and so forth *Dṛṣṭi (diṭṭhi)*, view : *samyak*, right, and *mithyā*, wrong *Dveṣa (dosa)*, hatred *Dharma (dhamma)*, truth, doctrine, existent things and conditions, nature of things, qualities acquired by an adept, discourses *Dharmatā = Tathatā* (q.v.) *Dhātu*, elements, worlds, *viz.*, kāma, rūpa, and arūpa, sometimes also apariyāpanna or lokottara; also relics *Dhāraṇī*, the twelve qualities which firmly uphold a bodhisattva (Tib. gzuṅs; Chi. 絕持 = chueh-ch' ih), 282 *Nāman*, sign, name, 234n. *Nāmarūpa*, usually translated as "name and form"; *nāma* denotes four of the five khandhas, *viz.*, vedanā, saññā, saṅkhārā and viññāṇa, while *rūpa* denotes only the material aggregates of a body (*rūpakkhandha*) *Nimitta*, sign, basis, 131, 232, 234n *Nirnimitta*, signless, baseless *Nirodha*, cessation; the third truth that duḥkha can be ended *Nisprapañca*, inexpressible *Nairātmya*, non-existence of soul (*ātman*), want of substance in both Pudgala (individual) and Dharma (things of the world)