The Doctrine of the Jainas, Described after the Old Sources c10.121

c10.121

fact that the *parihāra-kappa-ṭṭhiya* is obliged to render service to the thera from which he is released only temporarily (K. 5, 53; Vav. 1, 22-24). Strictly speaking he stands outside the *gaṇa* (comp. Vav. 2, 6), and he joins the others neither in their obligatory rounds nor in their travelling (*Āyār.* II 50, 7=Nis. 2, 40-42; Nis. 4, 112). If several monks of a closer companionship have committed an offence and, hence, are under *p.*, always one of them is except from it and considered *kappāga* (= *kappa-ṭṭhiya*, § 136), to be served by the others. He will atone for his guilt (*nivvisai*)¹ after them (Vav. 2, 1-4). By the same word the *nivvisamāṇa* is distinguished from the *nivviṭṭhakāiya* (K. 6, 14=Ṭhāṇ. 167b; 371a). The principle of inequality which governs the life within the Order is complied with by alternately dividing such a group into *parihāriya* (also *pāri-*) and *anuparihāriya* (for which see Vav. 2, 5) with the latter serving the former (Dīp. on Utt. 28, 32).