The Doctrine of the Jainas, Described after the Old Sources c11.22.2

c11.22.2

from gross untruthfulness (musā-vāya), from gross appropriation (adinn'ādāna), 4. from adultery by contenting oneself with one's wife (sa-dāra-saṃtosa), and 5. from greed by restricting one's striving after possession (icchā-parimāṇa). thūlaga¹ in the first line concerns the action expressed by the prohibition, but (Uvās. 45ff.) different others, i.e. five in each case, are equated with it.² That it concerns merely a selection—taken especially from agriculture and commercial activities—is indicated in Uvās. 45 by the word peyāla "typical" which, however, is missing in later texts. Gross offence against live matter is understood by fettering, beating, wounding, overloading and disregarding the urge of appeasing one's hunger and quenching one's thirst, all this most probably with a view to domestic animals. Gross untruthfulness is understood by falsely accusing³ a person either directly or indirectly, by compromising one's wife by indiscretion,⁴ by passing on wrong informations and by forgery. Gross appropriation consists in receiving of, or dealing in, stolen goods, in the instigation to theft, in illegally entering a country, in using false weights and measures, and in the adulteration of goods. The offences against matrimonial faith need not be mentioned (Uvās. 48). As to self-restriction we are referred to gold, cattle, real estate, carts and carriages as well as a long list of possessions, jewelry and luxuries.