The Doctrine of the Jainas, Described after the Old Sources c11.22.3

c11.22.3

The five Small Vows are followed by the three "Additional" Vows: 1. refraining from useless actions which may cause damage (apaṭṭhā-daṇḍa), i.e. from worries and desires, from doing foolish and dangerous things, and from instigating others to do them,⁵ 2. the commandment directing the layman to confine himself to an area of a certain extension in either direction which he may not leave in his undertakings (disi-vvaya), and 3. the commandment of observing moderation in eating and drinking as well as in all furnishings along with the prohibition of practising certain trades (uvabhoga-paribhoga-parimāṇa). In a concrete sense the latter was already listed among the fifth anu-vvaya. That is why here, first of all, fundamentals are referred to, i.e. the consumption of things containing life. They are followed by the trades or by activities affecting live matter of which fifteen different kinds are listed, e.g. charcoal burning, ivory- and lacquer-trade, pressing of fruit kernels, drainage of swamps, etc. This prohibition accounts for the fact that up to this day the Jains are found but in a restricted number of occupations. According to this view also b 3 along with b 1 represents but a special formulation of the commandment asking for the preservation of life a 1, though in Uvās. the demand to restrict one’s striving after possession 5a is immediately followed by b3 and b 1.