The Doctrine of the Jainas, Described after the Old Sources c11.38

c11.38

To these five vows Dasav. 4 adds a sixth which, however, instead of *maha-vraya* is called *vaya* only. It is the *rāi-bhoyaṇāo veramaṇam*, the abstention from taking food and drink after darkness has set in, resulting from the consideration that an insect or either any vegetable or other living substance might drop into the food to perish there. Dasav. 6, 22-26 in treating the subject of taking food at night rather concerns itself with the subject of going out at night, and especially so for the purpose of asking for alms (*esaṇīya*), which certainly is quite out of the question, whereas to be out at night is indeed strictly forbidden (K. 1, 4 ff.). The reason for this is, of course, that in the darkness something living may escape one’s notice and be injured. The *rāi-bhoyaṇa* is actually a special case of the *pāṇāivāya* accentuated by several teachers, so that along with Dasav. 4 we see Uvav. § 57; Utt. 19, 30 refer to it. Acc. to Dasav. 2, 2, however, it is not differentiated (as *rāi-bhatta*) within the great number of individual prohibitions. Principally this conception is the