The Doctrine of the Jainas, Described after the Old Sources c11.56

c11.56

§175. To the tenfold *dharma* Umāsvāti in T. 9, 7 adds the twelve pessimistic reflections (*anuprekṣā*). They include the reflections on the transitoriness of things, the helplessness of man, the painful roaming about in the Saṃsāra, the loneliness of man, (5) on the difference in essence between the soul and both the body and all earthly things, on the inward impurity of the body, on the influence, the stoppage, and the annihilation (10), on the world, on the scarcity of enlightenment (*bodhi-durlabhatva*),¹ and on truth (*dharma-svākhyāta-tattva*). This sequence again, since we do not find it in the Canon, is only the work of the Sūtra author whose authorship, moreover, seems to betray itself by the insertion of the abstract expressions *āsrava*, *saṃvara*, and *nirjarā*. The four first *anuprekṣā* derive from Uvav. § 30 V’, and according to the *dharmya* meditation (§ 180) they are the *anicca-*, *asaraṇa-*, *egatta-*, and *saṃsārānup-pehā*. If only for this reason it seems improbable that the relative statements made in the Mahānis.² should have exercised any influence on Umāsvāti, since here the Saṃsāra takes the fifth place behind *ann'anna*, the difference in essence (*anyatva*). But, after all, the Mahānis. generally speaks of *bhāvaṇā* instead of *anuppeha*; the "impurity" (*aśucitva*) is missing, and new is the *titthagarehim tatta-cintā-bhāvaṇā*.