The Doctrine of the Jainas, Described after the Old Sources c6.103.4

c6.103.4

Other speculations related to permutations² are arrived at by crossing different lines of conceptions. Thus, for instance, it is being examined how many beings occupying one and the same hell exercise one of the 4 main passions, i.e. anger, pride, fraud, and greed (§ 167) (Viy. 68b), with the result that each of these four passions occurs with all beings, with all minus 1, with several ones and with a single one. Or, it is being demonstrated in which way 1-10 hell-beings (§ 109) divide among the 7 regions (Viy. 439b ff.). In order to give a characteristic example of the calculatory intelligence we here refer to the statements made on the maximum and minimum (*jahanneṇam* and *ukkoseṇam*) of most of the figures of the system, to the qualification of being both the first and not the first, both the last and not the last of one's like (*paḍhama* and *apaḍhama*, *carima* and *acarima*) (Viy. 731b), to which the Carama-paya Pannav. 10 goes back, to the discrimination made between the beginning and the continuation of a certain condition (a. o. *aṇantara-siddha* and *paramparas.*, Viy. 877a, also-*neraiya* Ṭhāṇ. 513b), and finally to the teaching of the relative number (T. 1, 8: *alpa-bahutva*). It answers the question of *kayarā kayarehimto appā vā bahugā vā tullā vā visesāhiyā vā*? Such statements (in the Viy. first 235b) are comprised in Pannav. 3, the Bahuvattavvaya-paya.