The Doctrine of the Jainas, Described after the Old Sources c7.11

c7.11

In reality the name of *puvva* was due to the apologies of which the texts must have consisted. The lists mentioned count 14 P. and summarize them as *puvva-gaya*. With the exception of four they all have *pavāya* in their individual title which means the utterance of a contradictory view (*pravāda*). They are combined with various fundamental questions and ideas, viz. *uppāya* (1), *viriya*, *atthi n’atthi*, *nāṇa*, *sacca*, *āya*, *kamma*, *paccakkhāṇa*, *vijjā* (3-10; 10; *vijjāṇuppavāya*). It follows that they were adversary objections evidently not preserved out of historical interest, but as instructions how to refute them. Similarly we read Viy. 380b that Mahāvīra’s monks having refuted their opponents, proclaimed the *Gaippavāya*¹ who was called an *ajjhayaṇa* and hence was intended to set them right by an adverse view (in this case the right one). Whether the *pavāya* of the *Diṭṭhivāya* (the 12th Anga) were fiction or fact we do not know. The names of P. 2 *Aggeṇiya* of *Aggāṇiya*², 11 *Avanjha*, 13 *Kiriyāvisāla*, and 14 *Logabindusāra* for their obscurity all speak in favour of their factitive nature.