The Doctrine of the Jainas, Described after the Old Sources c8.1

c8.1

§ 57. The Fundamental Facts. The word "fundamental fact" is but a fairly liberal version of *atthikāya* which literally means "mass of all that is". As such it represents a mass by the totality of the units (*paesa*).¹ The five fundamental facts are known as motion (*dhamma*), stop (*adhamma*), space (*āgāsa*), souls (*jīva*), and matter (*poggala*), each in combination with *atthikāya*. Viy. 775b renders alleged synonyms which, however, do not hit the point. They simply replace the basic words now in a conventional and then, again, in quite a remote way. Thus e.g. *dhamma* stands for complying and *adhamma* for not complying with the monastic duties.²