The Doctrine of the Jainas, Described after the Old Sources c9.80

c9.80

In rendering a description of the geography of the Jambuddīva we have confined ourselves to dealing with its major points only, and we shall continue to do so in dealing with the rings surrounding the J. In this connexion it may suffice to mention summarily that, just as is the case with the J. itself, “all hills, hill tops, summits, lakes, forests, estuary forests, spring ponds, sacred places, water courses, etc.”¹ are surrounded by an enclosure (*pauma-vara-veiyā*) and a grove (*vaṇa-khaṇḍa*). The respective descriptions follow a certain conventional pattern. Here we also but mention the palaces, gates, lotus ponds, sanctuaries and residences of gods on mountains and in islands.²