The Doctrine of the Jainas, Described after the Old Sources c9.83

c9.83

§117. Though the dwelling place of man is not confined to the Jambuddīva but extends beyond it also to the continent of Dhāyaīkhaṇḍa and the inner half of Pukkharavara (§ 122), we may yet discuss it already here. The quasi political classification of men is done according to their dwelling quarters, i.e. to the *kamma-bhūmi*, *akamma-bhūmi* and *antara-dīva*. Karman places of a kind, where the Karman is acquired and annihilated, are found on the 2½ continents in the world parts of Bharaha, Eravaya and Mahāvideha, except the two Kurā; the latter, the remaining world parts and the intermediate continents are free from Karman (Viy. 791 b). At the Karman places there live (*kamma-bhūmaga*) Aryans and Barbarians. Among the different classifications of the former (Umāsv. on T. 3, 15; comp. Ṭhāṇ. 358a) the *khett’āriya* range first. We are given 26 towns in 25½ countries as native places of Jinas, *cakkavaṭṭi*, *baladeva* and *vāsudeva* in that one section (*Kekaya*) is considered non-aryan. With the *bhāsāriya* the Ardhamāgadhī and the “holy script” (*bambhī livī*) serve as a criterion,³ the latter being distinguished into 18 provincial and technical scripts. The Barbarians (*milakkhu*, also *meccha*) greatly vary in kind; Pannav. has more than 50 names of different peoples.