History of Technology in India, Vol. I: From Antiquity to c. 1200 A.D. v1.c39.s2.t3.10

v1.c39.s2.t3.10

Around 1000 B.C., Hastinapura settlement brought in from outside agate and carnelian beads, and the first settlement of Taxila started at Haithal. *Chāndogya Upaniṣad* refers (5.11.5) to a *janapada* or township in which there is no liquor or adultery. It is quite evident that the late Vedic era (1000-600 B.C.) initiated the establishment of the famous (sixteen) *mahājanapadas* or states most possibly sometime during the 7th-6th century B.C. period.