History of Technology in India, Vol. I: From Antiquity to c. 1200 A.D. v1.c5.49

v1.c5.49

| 1. | Life cycle of Archaeological metallic artifacts | 82 |
| 2. | Delay-time for various innovations and their commercialization | 83 |
| 3. | Sanskrit text regarding production of steel as mentioned in Rg veda in R̥tca 9; 12.2 | 83 |
| 4. | Sanskrit text on the evolution of iron and other metals as mentioned in Yajurveda in Chapter 8 | 85 |
| 5. | Early ‘Ore Hearth’, Lead Smelting furnace as described by Raistrick | 91 |
| 6. | Photograph showing an ancient copper mining (a) trench, (b) mouth of shaft at Surda Mines, Singhbhum | 95 |
| 7. | Cu-Fe-S-O equilibrium diagram (at 1300°C) indicating the instability of metallic iron in presence of CuO, and ultra low oxygen pressure required for its production | 96 |
| 8. | Microstructure of copper button produced by the Ayurvedic method showing dendrites of copper and presence of CuS, CuO and slag inclusions, Mag. × 100. 9. radio-carbon dating of some of the iron objects found at different archaeological sites in Indian subcontinent | 98 |
| 9. | 14C dating of some of the iron objects found in different sites | 99 |
| 10. | Sketch of some of the surgical tools designed by Susruta | 102 |
| 11. | Iron swords and daggers found at Tinnevelley (400 B.C.) | 103 |