A Concise History of Science in India c15.1

c15.1

| Date | Scientific and Technological Developments | Remarks |
| c. 150000–25000 b.c. | *Early Palaeolithic or Early Stone Age*: Chopper-chopping tool culture. Hand-axe culture. | The Panjaba The Panjab, Peninsular India, barring extreme south Indiaa |
| c. 25000–5000 b.c. | *Middle Palaeolithic or the Middle Stone Age*: predominance of flake tools, scrappers, borers, points, etc. | do |
| c. 5000–3000 b.c. | *Mesolithic or the Late Stone Age*: predominance of microliths, flakes, blades, lunates, borers, scrappers, chisels, trapezoids, triangles, drills, etc. | Gujerat, Maharashtra,a Madhya Pradesh, Mysore, Tinnevelly, (Tamilnadu), Birbanpur (West Bengal), etc. |
| c. 3500 b.c. | *Neolithic Age.* | Baluchistan |
| c. 2300–1750 b.c. | *Flourishing Period of Harappan Culture*: copper-bronze technology, *cire perdue* process; wheel-made decorated and glazed pottery; settled agriculture, wheat and barley; domestication of animals; drainage and public bath, burnt brick and mortar constructions; grid system of town planning; spinning and weaving; measurement and computational techniques. | Sind, Baluchistan, the Panjab, Rajputana and Saurashtra; influenced later settlements also |
| c. 2000 b.c. | Some *Neolithic* settlements; agriculture; cave-drawings and paintings, depicting mainly animals; hand-made and later wheel-made pottery. | Andhra, Karnatak, Kashmir and Bengal regions |
| c. 1800 b.c. | Some *Chalcolithic* settlements; use of copper tools; *Black-and-Red* ware; *Malwa ware* and *Jorwe ware*; spouted vessels. | Saurashtra, Rajputana, central, southern and eastern India |