A Concise History of Science in India c18.2

c18.2

Alphabetical system of expressing number, 174–75 Altitude, *unnata*, 105 Altitude of nonagesimal, 123 Amara, Amarasiṃha, 26, 36, 37 Āmarāja, 97, 166 *Amarakośa*, 26, 423 Amaravati, 297 Ambergris, 344 Amethyst, 283 Amīnuddīn al-Lāhorī, 208 Amplitude, *udaya*, 123 Amri, 6 Anaxagoras, 447 Anaximander, 446 *Aṇḍaja*, 36, 219, 425 *Aṇḍakkal*, 335 Anderson, John, 530 *Aṅga* (Jaina), 42 *Aṅgiras*, 19 Angular distance, 111 *Aṅguttaranikāya*, 39, 40 Animal husbandry, 11, 33, 363, 369 Animals, anatomy of, 434 classification of, 425–32 embryology, 434 heredity and sex determination, 434–36 Indus Valley civilization, 404–16 in epics, 421–22 in medical and other works, 422–24 in *Saṃhitās*, *Brāhmaṇas* and *Upaniṣads*, 417–21 physiology, 434 Aniruddha, 29 Anjira, 5, 6 *‘Ankabūt*, *shabaka*, spider, 127–28 *Aṅkalipi*, 159 Annām Bhaṭṭa, 31 Anomalistic month, 83, 85, 132 Anomaly, *kendra*, 84, 85 *Antakṛtadaśa*, 42 Antelope, 406, 410, 413, 419, 423, 440 Antelope Thar, 531 Antennae sword, 281–82 Anthropomorph, 281–82 Ants, 418 *Anukramaṇī*, 26 *Anumati*, name for moon's phase, 63 *Anūpa*, 389 *Anuttara-aupapātikadaśa*, 42 *Anuyogadvārasūtra*, 43, 141, 158, 159, 161, 162 *Ānvīkṣikī*, 27, 30 *Ap*, 459 *Apakṣepaṇa*, 472 *Apamaṇḍala*, ecliptic, 105 *Āpastamba*, 18, 25 *Apeiron*, 446 Apianus, 157 *Apoklima*, inclination, 132 Apple, 398 Appollonius of Perga, 112, 206 Apricot, 398 Apse line, *nīcocca rekhā*, 114 *Āpyadravya*, 458 Aquatic forms, 419 Arabic mathematics in India, 204–5 mathematical works, 205–8 *Ārambhavāda*, 450 *Āraṇya*, 36 *Āraṇyakas-Upaniṣads*, 15, 21–22 Arbori-horticulture, 390–91 *Ārca Jyotiṣa*, 140 Archaeology, 539–40 Archimedes, 206, 208 *Ārdharātrika* system, 85, 87, 94, 96 Areas and volumes, 149 Areca nut, 395 Arikamedu, 15, 291, 293, 294 Arīn, Arabic version of Ujjayinī, 134 Aristarchus of Samos, 112 Aristotle, 268, 572 *Arithmetica integra*, 212 *L’Arithmétique*, 212 Arkand (Arabic name for *Khaṇḍakhādyaka*), 97, 134 Armillary sphere, *golayantra*, 125–26 *Ārogyamañjarī*, 55, 233 Arrowheads, 289 *L’art d’arythmétique*, 212 *Arthaśāstra*, 1, 23, 27, 32–34, 43, 56, 72, 75, 256, 290, 303–5, 354, 355, 379, 381, 385 390, 424, 584 date of Kauṭilya's, 34 *Arthaśāstra, Bārhaspatya*, 32 Arthropod, 418, 443 Artiodactyls, 419 Aruṇadatta, 226, 587 Āryabhaṭa I, 51, 72, 85, 86, 87, 90, 92–94, 96, 97, 105, 111, 114, 132, 158, 165, 166, 168, 169, 170, 175, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 186, 187, 188, 191, 192, 196, 197, 199, 202, 210, 584, 586 Āryabhaṭa II, 51, 97, 160, 167, 180, 187, 192, 199, 200, 584 *Āryabhaṭīya*, 51, 91, 92, 93–94, 95, 99, 165, 170, 191, 199, 200, 594