Promotion of Learning in India during Muhammadan Rule (by Muhammadans) c22.67

c22.67

Persian language—continued. Taught at Nishāpūr, 19 Teaching, improved methods of, under Akbar, 161 Translations into, from Turkish, Kashmīrian and Arabic, in Akbar's reign, 149-150 Translations of Indian works into, 13-14, 65, 147, 148, 149, 150 Pharmacology, Indian, studied by Muhammadans, 13 Philosophers, 27, 36, 65, 97, 144 Philosophy: Greek, studied by Muḥammad Tughlaq, 44 Indian, studied by Muhammadans, 13 Muhammadan, studied zealously under 'Alāuddīn Khiljī, 37 Natural, order of its study at Muslim colleges, 162 Physic, 162 Physicians, 39, 48 Pigeon-flying, tutor of Akbar dismissed for, 142 Poetesses, 202 Poetry: Pacific effect of, on Sulṭān Maḥmūd, 11 Proficiency in, by Sulṭān Muḥammad Tughlaq, 44 Poets, 6, 7, 8, 9, 20, 24, 26, 36, 48, 65, 73, 82, 84, 87, 92, 93, 107, 108, 122, 128, 168, 169, 179, 180, 204 Poets, royal rewards to, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 82, 83, 183 (note) Portrait Painting: Forbidden by Fīrūz Shāh Tughlaq, 54 Permitted by Akbar, 155 Precedence, problem of, Akbar's solution, 144 Pretender to learning, a successful, 85-86 Private Benefactors of Learning: 'Abdul Raḥīm, Khān Khānān, 169-170 Akramuddīn Khān Ṣadr, 188-189 Assadullāh of Birbhum, 112 Biānah, lords of, 37 Gardiz, noblemen of, 37 Ghāziuddīn, 194 Ḥasan Razā Khān, 199 Janjar family, 37 Khān Fīrūz Jang, 194 Māham Anaga, 165 Maḥmūd Gāwān of Bidar, 86-89, 116 Mas'ūd 'Alī Ḥusain Khān, 78 Maulā, Sayyid, 27, 28, 32 Muḥammad Walī-ullāh, 196