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A History of Indian Medical Literature v3.c42.s36.t2: Śivadāsasena

A History of Indian Medical Literature v3.c42.s36.t2

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Śivadāsasena

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Śivadāsasena⁶⁹⁸ says that he wrote his Tattvacandrikā⁶⁹⁹ because the Cakrasaṃgraha had become obscured by the darkness of bad commentaries.⁷⁰⁰ It is, as the author himself states in the introductory and concluding verses, an abridged version of Niścalakara’s Ratnaprabhā, from which difficult passages are left out, while interpretations are added which differ from those by Niścalakara. Although Śivadāsasena left out a large number of Niścala’s references, numerous works and authors are still quoted in his work.

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These authorities and works are: ādhunikāḥ (arśas 114), Aghorācārya (rasāyana 92–94),⁷⁰¹ Agniveśa (jvara 17–18 and 64; raktapitta 14; nirūha 8–10), Agniveśasaṃhitā (jvara 29), Amara (rasāyana 159–171), Amogha (rasāyana 79),⁷⁰² Amṛtasāra (arśas 169–176), Amṛtavallī (vṛṣya 9), Aruṇa(datta) (grahaṇī 32–34; tṛṣṇā 8; mūtrāghāta 3; sneha 10–11; svastha 4–5 and 26–29),⁷⁰³ Āyurveda (kṣudraroga 84–85), Āyurvedasāra (jvara 82, 133, 161, 232; atisāra 21; grahaṇī 9–11; arśas 96–99; raktapitta 66–73; mūtrāghāta 3; plihayakṛt 33–47; śotha 44–46; galagaṇḍa 39; nāḍīvrana 3; kuṣṭha 106–112 and 160), Bakula (jvara 117; śiroroga 51), Bhadra (jvara 55),⁷⁰⁴ Bhaiṣajyaratnāvalī,⁷⁰⁵ Bhāluki (jvara 157–158), Bhānumatī (vātavyādhi 59–64;

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ānāha 10; vraṇaśotha 8–9; anuvāsana 5; nirūha 20–23; kavala 4), Bhaṭṭarahariścandra (jvara 49), 706 Bhaṭṭatraya (svastha 53), Bhavyadatta (arśas 27–28), Bhavyadattadeva (rasāyana 38–40), Bhela (jvara 55 and 182–183; vamana 14–15), Bhoja (atisāra 21–22; udāvarta 17; gulma 83–87; aśmarī 48–54; galagaṇḍa 31; nirūha 21), Bhojarāja (rasāyana 77–78), Bindusāra (jvara 201; raktapitta 25; viṣa 5–6), Brahmadatta (aśmarī 2–4), 707 Brahmadeva (śukadoṣa 10), 708 Bṛhaṭṭīkā (svastha 53), 709 Cakra (often), Cakrasaṃgraha (plīhayakṛt 6; rasāyana 196–201; svastha 53), Cakravyākhyā (i.e., the Āyurvedadīpikā) (mukharoga, kaṇṭhagatarogacikitsā 19–20), Candrakalātīkākāra (atisāra 65), 710 Candrāṭa (jvara 71, 75, 178–179, 213, 282; jvarātisāra 18–20; grahaṇī 53–57; arśas 116–122; agnimāndya 2; pāṇḍuroga 32; raktapitta 17 and 29; arocaka 4; śūla 70 and 75–76; vidradhi 20; vraṇaśotha 10; upadaṃśa 10; kuṣṭha 29 and 136–137; kṣudraroga 66–71; mukharoga, mukhagatarogacikitsā 25–27; netraroga 144–145; bālaroga 25–26; viṣa 8; vṛṣa 15–24; nirūha 23–26 and 29–31), 711 Candrāṭa (in the Vṛndatīkā) (agnimāndya 87), Candrikā (arśas 138–142; galagaṇḍa 15 and 43; vraṇaśotha 8), Candrikākāra (jvara 42), Caraka (often), Carakatattvapradīpikā (by Śivadāsasena) (jvara 256; sneha 1 and 7; vamana 16 and 18), carakatīkārtha (atisāra 23–24; raktapitta 27; unmāda 5), Carakavyākhyā (nirūha 36), Daḷḷaṇa (jvara 103 and 210; atisāra 80; agnimāndya 87; pāṇḍuroga 28; raktapitta 36; chardi 2; tṛṣṇā 2, 3, 7, 10; śūla 75–76; udāvarta 16; ānāha 10; gulma 11; hṛdroga 5 and 12; mūtrāghāta 2 and 3; strīroga 6 and 7; viṣa 11–12), 714 Deśarasāyanaṭīkā (rasāyana 126), 713 Dīpikā (vraṇaśotha 32), 714 Dravyaguṇa (jvara 117), Dravyāvalī (kuṣṭha 160), Dṛḍhabala (jvara 149–150; arśas 129–137; yakṣman 65–66; sneha 6; anuvāsana 27, 33, 36, 41; nirūha 8–10, 11, 21), Gadādhara (rasāyana 172–193), gauḍīyaḥ (vṛṣa 15–24), Gayaḍāsa (jvara 256; pāṇḍuroga 2; raktapitta 36; chardi 3; vātavyādhi 218–227; aśmarī 48–54; galagaṇḍa 25; netraroga 62), Gopurarakṣita (jvara 256), Guṇapāṭha (atisāra 10; chardi 19), 715 Hārāvalī (vṛṣa 26–36), 716 Hariścandra (jvara 4 and 23; agnimāndya 12; gulma 63–67), 717 Hārita (jvara 5, 34, 49, 71, 118, 178–179, 218, 261; jvarātisāra 18–20; atisāra 58–60; agnimāndya 78; pāṇḍuroga 1 and 52; yakṣman 22–25; śūla 13–16; gulma 43–44; asṛgdara 2 and 8–11; rasāyana 152, 154–156, 160, 165–166, 196–201; vṛṣa 1; nirūha 27), Jatūkarṇa (jvara 4, 48, 124, 178–179, 198–199, 256; atisāra 61 and 77; grahaṇī 4 and 45–47; arśas 114; kāsa 12; apasmāra 31–32; vātavyādhi 190–194; vātarakta 42; prameha 28–29; kṣudraroga 127; karṇaroga 18–22; netraroga 15; rasāyana 196–201), Jejjaṭa (jvara 29, 42, 255; agnimāndya 30–38 and 74; raktapitta 17; yakṣman 47–60; tṛṣṇā 8; vātavyādhi 10 and 94; ānāha 10; mūtrāghāta 16; netraroga 59), Jīvanākhya (rasāyana 81), 718 kāmaśāstra (vṛṣa 61), Kārikā (svastha 53), Kārttika (jvarātisāra 28; arocaka 2; tṛṣṇā 11; gulma 94; mūtrāghāta 3 and 4; bhagna 15–16), Kārttikakuṇḍa (mūtrāghāta 16), Kharanāda (jvara 49 and 261), Kṛṣṇātreya (jvara 64 and 256; yakṣman 40–46; chardi 17–18; unmāda 31–33; nasya 25–26), Kṣarāpāṇi (jvara 205–207; raktapitta 74–78; yakṣman 65–66; kāsa 13; hikkāśvāsa 19–20; gulma 98), lauhaśāstra (rasāyana 38–40 and 62), Lohapradīpa (pāṇḍu 9; rasāyana 67–72), 719 Mādhava('s Nidānasaṃgraha) (jvarātisāra 1), Mādhavakara (gulma 17), 720 Mādhavakara('s Dravyaguṇa) (jvara 31; agnimāndya 5), Madhavagrbhaṭa (karṇaroga 48), 721 Mahābhārata (jvara 239), Maheśvara (unmāda 6 and 29–30), 722 Maheśvarapattrikā (āmavāta 1; sthaulya 17), Medinīkārakośa

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(netraroga 188), 723 Nāgārjuna (agnimāndya 14; chardi 19; śūla 70; rasāyana 34, 76, 123–125, 126), 724 Nāmamañjarī (rasāyana 54), 725 Nidāna (galagaṇḍa 55), Nighaṇṭakāra (jvara 286), 726 Nighaṇṭu (arśas 161–168; śotha 10), Niścala 727 (jvara 70, 103, 145; atisāra 40; arśas 18 and 113; agnimāndya 87 and 91; krimi 5; pāṇḍuroga 28; raktapitta 15; tṛṣṇā 22; madātaya 13; dāha 7; vātavyādhi 71 and 156; ūrustambha 12; āmavāta 26; śūla 12–16; pariṇāmaśūla 14 and 15; gulma 11, 43–44, 74–75; prameha 20; udara 42–43; plīhayakṛt 6; śotha 35–36; vraṇaśotha 50; bhagaṇḍara 13–20; amlapitta 17 and 38–50; mukharoga, mukhagatarogacikitsā 2 and 15–16; 728 karṇaroga 56; nāsāroga 1 and 2–3; netraroga 22, 87–89, 138–140, 212; śiroroga 2, 25, 49; strīroga 5; bālaroga 22 and 29–30; vṛṣa 11–13 and 26–36; sneha 21), Pālakāpya (svastha 21–24), Parameśvararakṣitādisaṃgraha (rasāyana 196–201), 729 Parāśara (atisāra 102), Pātañjala (rasāyana 45–47, 55–56, 76, 81, 122), Patañjali (rasāyana 52–53, 55–56, 61, 63–64, 67–72, 83–84, 107), 730 Prayogaratnākara (jvara 31), 731 Puṣkalāvata (jvara 49), rasaśāstra, 732 Rasataraṅgiṇī, 733 Rasendrasārasaṃgraha, 734 Ratnakośa (aśmarī 37–38; plīhayakṛt 1), 735 Ratnaprabhā 736 (jvara 1; nāsāroga 9–10; rasāyana 172–193), Ravigupta (jvara 71; krimi 4), 737 Rāvaṇotakumāratantra (bālaroga 89), 738 Rugviniścaya (vṛddhi 23; visarpa 42), Śabdārṇava (vātavyādhi 256–277), 739 Śaivatantra (rasāyana 172–193), śālākhya (netraroga 12), 740 dhūmapāna 6–7), Śalihotra (jvara 168–170), Saṃgraha (visarpa 30), 741 Saṃgrahakāra (gulma 46; hṛdroga 26), 742 saṃgrahakāraḥ (raktapitta 27; yakṣman 22–25), Saṃgrahakṛt (yonivyāpad 37–44), 743 saṃgrahakṛtaḥ (strīroga 21–24), Siddhasāra (jvarātisāra 1 and 4; asṛgdara 8–11; bālaroga 81–82; nasya 12–13), 744 Siddhāyoga 745 (svastha 53), Śrīkaṇṭha (jvara 258; tṛṣṇā 18; śūla 64–65; kuṣṭha 106–112; udarda 10; masūrikā 45–47; kṣudraroga 97; karṇaroga 55; netraroga 62, 110–112, 203; strīroga 13; bālaroga 29–30), Śrīkaṇṭhadatta (vātavyādhi 20–22; udāvarta 17), 746 Sudānta (rasāyana 1), Sudāntasena (pāṇḍuroga 9), sūdāśastra (yakṣman 6–7; madātaya 15; śiroroga 50; vamana 16), Suśruta (often), suśrutaṭīkā (visarpa 5), śuśrutaṭīkāḥ (bhagna 17–29), śuśrutaṭīkṛtaḥ (agnimāndya 88; krimi 5; ; tṛṣṇā 8; mūtrāghāta 5; galagaṇḍa 39), Svalpavāgbhaṭa (karṇaroga 11–13), Tantrapradīpa (rasāyana 172–193), Tantraṭīkā (svastha 53), 747 Vaitaraṇa (vraṇaśotha 10), Videha (plīhayakṛt 19–23; karṇaroga 8–9 and 16; netraroga 3, 16, 151–155; śiroroga 35), Vindhyavāsin (kuṣṭha 17), Viśvāmitra (arśas 138–142 and 143–147; gulma 57–59; mūtrāghāta 3), Vṛddhakāśyapa (hikkāśvāsa 19–20), Vṛddhasuśruta (arśas 107–110; vātavyādhi 88–92), Vṛddhavāgbhaṭa (jvara 277; pāṇḍuroga 5 and 36–41; vātavyādhi 228–233; vātarakta 14; gulma 41–42; prameha 12; udara 29–32; vraṇaśotha 23), Vṛnda 748 (jvara 29, 103, 162–164, 202, 205–207; jvarātisāra 10–11 and 26–27; grahaṇī 19 and 40; arśas 143–146; krimi 12–14; raktapitta 39–42; yakṣman 65–66; hikkāśvāsa 24–29 and 30–33; vātavyādhi 71, 88–92, 95–99; vātarakta 13 and 23–25; āmavāta 21–23; aśmarī 10 and 13–16; prameha 31–38; plīhayakṛt 6; śotha 10, 11, 47–50, 51–54; ślīpada 24–30; nāḍīvraṇa 3; kuṣṭha 152 and 158; amlapitta 17; visarpa 42; mukharoga, dantamūlarogacikitsā 23–24; netraroga 114; strīroga 25–27; viṣa 1; vṛṣa 15–24; anuvāsana 5; nirūha 23–26; svastha 53), Vṛndasaṃgraha (udara 61–64), Vṛndatippaṇī or -tippaṇikā (raktapitta 27 and 36; yakṣman 10 and 27; kāsa 5–7; arocaka 2; chardi 12; dāha 7; ūrustambha 12; āmavāta 26; udara 48; vraṇaśotha 43 and 44), 749 Yogaratnākara (grahaṇī 91–97; rasāyana 35, 38–40, 63–64, 67–72, 83–84, 89–90, 92–94, 107, 129–135), and *Yogaratnākarasamuccaya* (rasāyana 62–72 and 96–97).⁷⁵⁰

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⁷⁰⁶ Bhaṭṭarahariścandra is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷⁰⁷ Brahmadeva is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷⁰⁸ Bṛhaṭṭīkā is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷⁰⁹ Cakra is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷¹⁰ Candrāṭa is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷¹¹ Candrāṭa is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷¹² Daḷḷaṇa is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷¹³ Deśarasāyanaṭīkā is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷¹⁴ Dīpikā is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷¹⁵ Guṇapāṭha is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷¹⁶ Hariścandra is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷¹⁷ Hārita is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷¹⁸ Kāmaśāstra is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷¹⁹ Lohapradīpa is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷²⁰ Mādhavakara is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷²¹ Mahābhārata is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷²² Maheśvarapattrikā is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷²³ Nāgārjuna is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷²⁴ Nāmamañjarī is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷²⁵ Nidāna is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷²⁶ Nighaṇṭu is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷²⁷ Niścala is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷²⁸ Mukharoga is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷²⁹ Parāśara is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷³⁰ Prayogaratnākara is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷³¹ Puṣkalāvata is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷³² Rasaśāstra is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷³³ Rasataraṅgiṇī is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷³⁴ Rasendrasārasaṃgraha is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷³⁵ Ratnakośa is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷³⁶ Ratnaprabhā is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷³⁷ Rāvaṇotakumāratantra is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷³⁸ Rugviniścaya is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷³⁹ Śabdārṇava is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷⁴⁰ Śaivatantra is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷⁴¹ Saṃgraha is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷⁴² Saṃgrahakāra is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷⁴³ Saṃgrahakṛt is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷⁴⁴ Siddhasāra is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷⁴⁵ Siddhāyoga is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷⁴⁶ Śrīkaṇṭhadatta is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷⁴⁷ Tantrapradīpa is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷⁴⁸ Vṛnda is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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⁷⁴⁹ Yogaratnākara is cited in the *Nibandha* on *Sūtrasthāna* 1.120.

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Some⁷⁵¹ assert that Śivadāsa quotes the *Nāvanīta*.

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The following among the above-mentioned sources are not referred to or quoted by Niścala: Aghorācārya, Aruṇa(datta), Brahmadatta, Brahmadeva, *Candraṭīkā*, Dallaṇa, Guṇapāṭha, *Lohapradīpa*, Maheśvara, Medinī, *Parameśvararakṣitadīsaṃgraha*, Patañjali, *Prayogaratnākara*, *Rasataraṅgiṇī*, *Rasendrasārasaṃgraha*, *Ratnakośa*, and *Rāvaṇoktakumāratantra*.

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The absence of some of these can easily be explained by the chronological gap between Niścala and Śivadāsasena; Aruṇadatta, Dallaṇa and Medinī are later than the former. The reasons Niścala may have had for not quoting Brahmadeva remain obscure.

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Śivadāsa’s commentary abounds in interesting observations.⁷⁵² Variant readings are frequently referred to. In general, this author pays much attention to the establishment of a correct text, by consulting manuscripts,⁷⁵³ pointing to wrong readings,⁷⁵⁴ verses to be rejected, etc.⁷⁵⁵ An important authority for the text of the *Aṣṭāṅgahṛdaya* was Aruṇadatta; Niścala was consulted for the text of the *Cakradatta*. Śivadāsa is more than once critical of Vṛnda⁷⁵⁶ and sometimes disagrees with Niścala.⁷⁵⁷

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Accurateness in the methods of preparing compound medicines is one of his concerns, as is the identity of medicinal substances.

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Śivadāsa and the *Tattvacandrikākāra*, the *Tattvacandrikā* and the *Śivadāsavyākhyā* are quoted in *Aśubodha* and Nityabodha Senagupta’s commentary on the *Rasaratnasamuccaya*. Śivadāsa and his *Cakraṭīkā* are quoted in *Aśubodha* Senagupta’s commentary on Govindasena’s *Paribhāṣāpradīpa*. A ṭīkā on the *Cakradatta*, probably Śivadāsasena’s *Tattvacandrikā*, is quoted in Gulrājśarmamiśra’s *Viśīkhānupraveśavijñāna* and Jīvanandavidyāsāgara’s commentary on the *Rasendrasārasaṃgraha*.

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Śivadāsasena’s commentary on Cakrapāṇi’s *Dravyaguṇasaṃgraha*⁷⁵⁸ has no title.

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The following authorities and works are quoted or referred to: *Agniveśatantra* (pāniya 31), Aruṇa (śāka 1.7; pāniya 37), *Bhānumatī* (phala 13), Bhaṭṭārahariścandra (phala 1 and 7), Bhoja (phala 30; kṣīra 13; aikṣava 17; āhāravidhi 22), Brahmadeva (māṃsādi 2.36; śāka 1.14), Cakra (dhānya 1.40; māṃsādi 1.2 and 6; śāka 1.3, 42, 46; śāka 2.27; lavaṇādi 6, 15, 17, 20; phala 1, 5, 7, 9, 36; pāniya 25 and 29; aikṣavādi 17; kṛtānna 8), *Candrikā* (phala 10, 11, 13, 29, 36; pāniya 29; kṣīra 6 and 20), *Candrikākāra* (phala 1 and 6; aikṣavādi 3 and 9; kṛtānna 38), Caraka (often), *Carakatattvadīpikā* (pāniya 37; dhānya 9), Dalvaṇa, Dallaṇa or Dallaṇa (māṃsādi 1.18; śāka 1.42 and 44; śāka 2.27; lavaṇādi 7, 14, 17; pāniya 23; aikṣavādi 9 and 12; madyādi 1; kṛtānna 54; bhaksya 4; āhāravidhi 10),⁷⁵⁹ Dhanvantari (dhānya 8), Gayadāsa (dhānya 27–28, 32, 39; māṃsādi 1.22; pāniya 30), Hārīta (māṃsādi 2.34; pāniya 3; kṣīra 46; āhāravidhi 21), Jatūkarṇa (dhānya 10; māṃsādi 2.34; pāniya 2 and 37), Jejjada (pāniya 25; kṣīra 37; madyādi 5; kṛtānna 38), Mādhava (dhānya 10; śāka 1.39; kṛtānna 8), Mādhavakara (māṃsādi 2.16), Nala (kṛtānna 48), *Nibandhasaṃgraha* (śāka 1.8, 42, 46; śāka 2.20; lavaṇādi 6),⁷⁶⁰ Parāśara (māṃsādi 2.34), Puruṣottama (phala 15), *Siddhānta* (dhānya 10), Suśruta (often), *tantrāntara* (dhānya 10 and 11), Trivikrama

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(māṃsādi 1.18; śāka 1.44), Vāgbhaṭa (often), Vāpyacandra (māṃsādi 1.6): Viśvāmitra (dhānya 11; pāñīya 22; āhāravidhi 22), *Vṛddhavāgbhaṭa* (śāka 1.3; pāñīya 33). G.P. Sharma and P.V. Sharma⁷⁶¹ add to this list: *Haramekhalā*, Kāśirāja, Svāmidāsa, and *Yogaratnasamuccaya*.

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Śivadāsa’s commentary on the *Dravyaguṇa* is quoted in Priyavrat Śarmā’s auto-commentary on his *Dravyaguṇasūtra*.

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Śivadāsasena’s contributions to the theory of *dravyaguṇa*, as contained in this commentary, have been studied by G.P. Sharma and P.V. Sharma.⁷⁶² Important is the view⁷⁶³ that vīrya predominates over rasa and vipāka over vīrya, in contrast to the opinion of Caraka, who arranges these concepts, in relation to their increasing strength, in the order rasa-vipāka-vīrya.⁷⁶⁴ In this respect Śivadāsasena follows an earlier authority, quoted anonymously. He also disagrees with the definition of rasa, as given by Cakra, and adheres to the way his father had characterized it.⁷⁶⁵ Suśruta’s opinion that taste belongs to water as a mahābhūta and that the six tastes become manifest through mere contact (saṃsarga) with the other bhūtas,⁷⁶⁶ is rejected and replaced by the theory that the tastes are produced through a more specific process of changes (viśiṣṭa pariṇāmi) in mixtures of the bhūtas.⁷⁶⁷ An earlier authority is quoted in support of this. Vīrya is considered to be connected with the essential part (sārabhāga) of the mahābhūtas.⁷⁶⁸ Śivadāsa holds that vipāka comes about by means of a renewed contact with the abdominal fire, after completion of the process of avasthāpāka or prapāka.⁷⁶⁹ He regards the amlavipāka as described by Caraka as included in Suśruta’s concept of uṣṇavīrya.⁷⁷⁰

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Śivadāsasena’s descriptions of foodstuffs and drugs, as found in his commentaries on Cakrapāṇi’s *Cikitsā* and *Dravyaguṇa*, are valuable in various respects. Sometimes he tries to harmonize apparently conflicting views found in earlier works,⁷⁷¹ sometimes he takes sides.⁷⁷²

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Morphological characteristics of medicinal plants, their local names and their habitat are often recorded. In many instances Śivadāsasena seems to agree with interpretations offered by Cakrapāṇi or Dallaṇa while, on the other hand, he was not averse to consulting nighaṇṭus.⁷⁷³

Cites (49)