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A History of Indian Medical Literature v3.c50.s7: Special features

A History of Indian Medical Literature v3.c50.s7

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English

Special features

v3.c50.s7.1

The names of the twenty-seven Rasasiddhas40 mentioned in chapter one of the Rasaratnasamuccaya are:41 Ādima,42 Bhāskara,43 Brahmā,44 Candrasena,45 Gomukha,46 Govinda,47 Hari,48 Indrada,49 Kambali,50 Kāpālika,51 Kapālin,52 Khaṇḍa,53 Lampaka,54 Laṅkeśa,55 Māṇḍavya,56 Matta,57 Nāgabodhi,58 Nāgārjuna,59 Naravāhana,60 Ratnakośa,61 Śambhu,62 Sāttvika,63 Surānanda,64 Śūrasenaka,65 Viśārada,66 Vyādi,67 and Yaśodhana68 (1.2–5ab).

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The list is followed by the names of authors on rasaśāstra whose works were consulted by the son of Siṃhagupta, who wrote the Rasaratnasamuccaya. The authors mentioned69 are: Bhairava,70 Bhāluki,71 Harīśvara,72 Kākaṇḍīśvara,73 Mahādeva,74 Maithilāhvaya or Maryalāhvaya,75 Manthānabhairava,76 Nandin,77 Narendra,78 Rasāṅkuśa,79 Rasendratilaka,80 Ṛṣihṛṅga,81 Svacchandabhairava,82 Vāsudeva,83 and Yogin84 (1.5cd–8).

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The second list of twenty-seven Rasasiddhas (6.51–55), borrowed from the Rasaratnākara (III.1.66cd–71ab),85 consists of: Āgama,86 Bali,87 Bāṇāsura,88 Candrasena,89 Carpaṭi,90 Govinda,91 Indradhūma,92 Kāmāri,93 Kāpālika,94 Kapila,95 Khaṇḍa,96 Lampaṭa,97 Laṅkā,98 Māṇḍavya,99 Muniśreṣṭha,100 Nāgabuddhi,101 Nāgārjuna,102 Naravāhana,103 Ratnaghoṣa,104 Śambhu,105 Śārada,106 Subuddhi,107 Surānanda,108 Śūrasenaka,109 Tāntrika,110 Vyālācārya,111 and Yaśodhana.112

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Five gatis of mercury are described: jalaga, hamsaga, malaga, dhūmaga, and jīvagati; the first four are visible, whereas jīvagati is invisible (1.81–83). The eight mahārasas are: abhraka, vaikrānta, mākṣika, vimala, adrija (= śilājatu), sasyaka, capala, and rasaka; rājāvarta, included in this group in the Rasendracūḍāmaṇi, is omitted, while capala has been added (2.1); mākṣika or tāpya is described as found along the river Tāpī and in the countries of the Cīnas, Kirātas and Yavanas (2.73). The eight uparasas consist of: gandhāśman (= gandhaka), gairika, kāṅkṣī, (harit)āla, (manaḥ)śilā, añjana, and kaṅkuṣṭha (3.1); the eight sādhāraṇarasas are: kampilla,113 gaurīpāṣāṇa, navasāraka, kaparda, vahnijāra, girisindūra, hīṅgula, and mṛddāraśṛṅga (3.126–127). Rājāvarta is regarded as one of the ratnas (4.75–81).

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Chapter eleven discusses two systems of weights (11.1–13), the second of which is related to the Māgadha system of āyurveda.114

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The eighteen saṃskāras enumerated are svedana, mardana, mūrchana, utthāpana, patana, rodha, niyāmana, saṃdīpana, gabanabhakṣaṇamāna, samcāraṇa, garbhadṛti, bāhyadruti, jāraṇa, grāsa, sāraṇa, saṃkrāmaṇa, vedha, and śarīrayoga (11.14–16). The first eight saṃskāras, necessary for the preparation of medicinally useful substances, are described in more detail; the last ten saṃskāras, necessary for aurifaction, are neglected. Twelve doṣas of mercury are distinguished: three naisargikadoṣas: viṣa, vahni, mala; two yaugikadoṣas: nāga and vaṅga; seven aupādhikadoṣas or kañcukas: parpaṭī, pāṭanī, bhedī, malakarī, andhakārī, and dhvāṅkṣī (11.20–24).

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Twenty-five types of bandha of mercury are distinguished; a twenty-sixth type, called jalūkabandha, recognized by some authorities, is added (11.60–64). The twenty-five types are:115 haṭha-,116 ābhaṣa-,117 kriyāhīna-,118 piṣṭikā-,119 kṣāra-,120 khoṭa-,121 poṭa- or parpaṭī-,122 kalka-,123 kajjalī-,124 sajīva,125 nirjīva-,126 nirbīja-,127 sabīja-,128 śṛṅkhalā-,129 druti-,130 bālā-,131 kumāra-,132 taruṇa-,133 vṛddha-,134 mūrti-,135 and mahābandha136 (11.65–89). The jalūkabandha is elaborately described (11.93–107).138

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The diseases, the treatment of which is dealt with in chapters twelve to twenty-five, are enumerated in the introductory verses of chapter twelve (12.1–8):139 jvara, raktapitta, kāsa, śvāsa, hīdhma, vaisarvya (= svarabheda), kṣaya (= rājayakṣmam), aroca, praseka, chardi, hṛdroga, tṛṣṇā, madyodbhava (= madātyaya), arśas, udāvarta, atisāra, grahaṇyarti, pravāhin, visūci, vahnimāndya (= agnimāndya), mūtrakṛcchra, aśmarī, meha, somaroga, piḍikāḥ, vṛddhi, vṛddhi, gulma, śūla,140 udara, pāṇḍu, śopha, visarpa, kuṣṭha, śvitra,141 nabhasvat (= vātavyādhi), vātāsra (= vātarakta),142 vandhya (infertility), garbhiṇīruj, sūtīkāroga, bālaroga,143 unmāda, apasmṛti, netraroga, karṇaroga, nāsāroga, āsyaroga (= mukharoga), śiroroga, vraṇa, bhaṅga, bhagaṇdara, granthi and related diseases,144 kṣudraroga, and guhyaroga.145

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Noteworthy features of the nosology of the Rasaratnasamuccaya are: a disease called lohala (15.78);146 seven types of vardhma (18.11);147 a list of the eight mahārogas at the beginning of chapter twenty-one: vātavyādhi, aśmarī, kuṣṭha, meha, udara, bhagaṇdara, arśas and grahaṇī (21.1); descriptions of śītavāta (21.2), sparśavāta (21.12) and raktavāta (21.42); nine types of vandhya: ādivandhyā, raktajā, pittajā, kaphajā, saṃnipātajā, bhūtajā, devajā, abhicārajā (22.1–2); a male, incapable of procreation, is called vandhya (22.3); women with four more types of disorders of fertility are called garbhasrāvī,148 mṛtavatsā,149 strīprasūti,150 and kākavandhyā (22.4);151 the list of nose diseases mentions six varieties of pīnasa (24.19);152 kṣayajāśiroroga and anantavāta are absent from the list of diseases of the head (24.71); the treatment of baldness and premature greying of the hair are discussed after the section on diseases of the head (24.82–90); khaṇḍakeśa and cācāroga are used as synonyms of baldness (indralupta; 24.82 and 87); the list of kṣudrarogas consists of vyaṅga, kacchapa, nīlikā, kunakha, viddha,153 utkoṭha, koṭha,154 alasa, kakṣa, ruddhaguda, prasupti,155 vivṛtā, visphoṭa, valmīka, viṣṭha,156 kadara, ajagalli, jaṭumaṇi, andhālajī, rājikā, kṣudrā,157 lāñchana, śarkarā, yavaprakhyā, agnirohīṇī, jālāśmagardabha,158 vidārī, masūrikā, paḍmakaṇṭaka, gardabhī, śarkarārbuda, śaṣa, ānandadūṣikāḥ,159 gaṇḍhāhvayā,160 panasikā, and irivellikā (25.1–2).

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Some interesting technical terms are acalā (= manaḥśilā), kaṅkaṇā (= gandhaka) and vaiṣṇavisenā (= haritāla) (12.97).¹⁶¹

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Some noteworthy names of plants and substances of vegetable origin are: ādhā-rī (17.47), agniparṇī (14.73),¹⁶² agniyugma (15.65),¹⁶³ ambhodhi (30.64),¹⁶⁴ ari (17.68),¹⁶⁵ bhūdāru (18.163),¹⁶⁶ candrāvatī (11.94),¹⁶⁷ ciratikta (16.68),¹⁶⁸ dhvamṣī (10.94),¹⁶⁹ gajāṅkinī (16.78),¹⁷⁰ gañjā (15.76), haritālā (14.73),¹⁷¹ hiyāvalī (16.149; 17.113; 21.28),¹⁷² hiyāvallī (12.100),¹⁷³ jalamandapikā (18.216),¹⁷⁴ jayāyuga (19.35),¹⁷⁵ kādi (12.97),¹⁷⁶ kāmā (11.108 and 111),¹⁷⁷ kambukī (11.54),¹⁷⁸ kāpālī (10.94),¹⁷⁹ karālī (22.124),¹⁸⁰ karivijaya (17.69),¹⁸¹ khaṇḍī (22.72),¹⁸² kinī (15.76),¹⁸³ kurkuṭī (20.36),¹⁸⁴ mābāṇa (18.43),¹⁸⁵ mahābharī (18.19),¹⁸⁶ mahābherī (30.64),¹⁸⁷ mahiṣī (10.95),¹⁸⁸ meha (17.68),¹⁸⁹ nura (20.204),¹⁹⁰ peṭakārī (17.6),¹⁹¹ phalikā (17.17),¹⁹² rakta-śākinī (16.147; 18.97),¹⁹³ rāmaśitalikā (13.10),¹⁹⁴ śakandha (18.131),¹⁹⁵ svarāmśikā (20.198),¹⁹⁶ tīkṣṇaparṇikā (16.93),¹⁹⁷ tittirīphala (12.58),¹⁹⁸ and uttamakaṇṭikā (10.86).¹⁹⁹

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The author

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The author does not mention his name, but refers to himself as the son of Siṃhagupta (1.8).²⁰⁰ The Rasaratnasamuccaya is generally attributed to an author called Vāgbhaṭa.²⁰¹ The question whether or not this Vāgbhaṭa is identical with the author(s) of the Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā and Aṣṭāṅgasaṃgraha, discussed by many scholars,²⁰² is no longer relevant, since it has been clearly established that the Rasaratnasamuccaya is much later than the two āyurvedic treatises.

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The contents of the treatise indicate that the author was a Hindu, although some scholars claim that the maṅgala is of a Buddhist character.²⁰³

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Date

v3.c50.s7.16

Scholars defending the view that the son of Siṃhagupta who wrote the Rasaratnasamuccaya is the same as the Vāgbhaṭa, son of Siṃhagupta, who is the reputed author of the Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā and Aṣṭāṅgasaṃgraha, tend to ascribe an early date to the work.²⁰⁴

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Arguments disproving this identity and supporting a much later date were collected by P. Cordier,²⁰⁵ Gaṇanāthasena,²⁰⁶ P.V. Sharma,²⁰⁷ S. Ārya,²⁰⁸ and others.²⁰⁹

v3.c50.s7.18

Decisive pieces of evidence are the borrowings from the Rasārṇava, Rasahṛdaya, Rasendracūḍāmaṇi and Rasaratnākara, and a formula attributed to Nityanātha (27.115–118).

v3.c50.s7.19

The reference to somaroga (12.3) implies that the Rasaratnasamuccaya is later than Vaṅgasena’s Cikitsāsārasaṃgraha. The quotations from the Rasaratnākara point to a period posterior to the first half of the fifteenth century.

v3.c50.s7.20

A plant name found in the chapters on therapy indicates that the author of the Rasaratnasamuccaya probably belongs to the sixteenth century.²¹⁰ The quotations from the Rasaratnasamuccaya and Rasavāgbhaṭṭa in Mahādeva’s commentary on

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Bindu’s Rasapaddhati prove that he is earlier than the first half of the seventeenth century. The earliest MS known dates from A.D. 1699.²¹¹

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Commentaries

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Commentaries in Sanskrit on the Rasaratnasamuccaya were written by Cintāmaṇi-śarman Khare or Mahādeva Cimaṇājī Āpaṭe Khare, by the brothers Āśubodha and Nityabodha Senagupta, and by Hazārīlāl Sukul.

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Cintāmaṇiśarman Khare’s commentary,²¹² called Saralārthaprakāśinī, is an elaborate work, explaining the full text of the Rasaratnasamuccaya.

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Works and authorities quoted or referred to are: Aṣṭāṅgahṛdaya (2, 5), Bhairava (1, 119),²¹³ Bṛhadyogataraṅgiṇī (16), Caraka (2), Cikitsākalikā (59), Gītā (46), Govinda (1), granthāntara (6, 49, 54, 55, 59, 72, 104, 106, 111, 116, 122, 123, 222), Kāmaratna (2), Kuṇḍārka (67),²¹⁴ Madanavinodanighaṇṭa (14), Manu (49), Mārkaṇḍeyapurāṇa (49), Nāgārjuna (39, 84), Nāgārjunatantra (2, 16), Nighaṇṭa (39), Nityanātha (1, 2, 53, 65), Pūjyapāda (1, 2), Purāṇa (51), Rājanighaṇṭa (46), Rasahṛdaya (1, 12, 14, 21, 22, 23, 32, 70, 73, 74, 76, 84, 88, 89, 99, 104, 106, 122), Rasahṛdayaṭīkā (27, 86), Rasarājasundara (13, 97), Rasaratnākara (14, 15, 33, 38, 65, 73, 74, 85, 91, 108, 112, 115), Rasārṇava (4, 5, 19, 20, 21, 22, 28, 32, 35, 36, 37, 55, 70, 72, 73, 84, 88, 90, 91, 100, 105, 120, 124, 125, 126), Rasasaṃketakalikā (20, 63, 76), Rasasāra (1, 17, 18, 29, 30, 36, 41, 75, 78, 90, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100, 102, 103, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125), Rasāvatāra (117), Rasendrasārasaṃgraha (6, 56), Rāvaṇa (2,²¹⁵ 8,²¹⁶ 32,²¹⁷ 40),²¹⁸ Śivaśaktisaṃgamatantra (22),²¹⁹ Somadeva (33), śruti (5, 8), Suśruta (2), Trimalla’s Taraṅgiṇī (23, 50, 84), Trimallabhaṭṭa (59), Uddīśatantra (2), Vāgbhaṭa (2), Yogaratnākara (2), and (Trimallabhaṭṭa’s) Yogatarangiṇī (54, 84).

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Plants mentioned in the Rasaratnasamuccaya are often described; their names in many regional languages are added.²²⁰

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Variant readings are occasionally recorded.²²¹

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Cintāmaṇiśarman Khare was a Cittapāvana brāhmaṇa of Kauśikagotra, the youngest son of Vāmana and Manūbāī; he was born in a village called Guhāgara, near Ratnāgiri in Koṅkaṇa (Mahārāṣṭra) in the year 1866 or 1867.²²²

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The commentary by Āśubodha and Nityabodha Senagupta, called Rasaratnasamuccayabodhini,²²³ covers the whole of the Rasaratnasamuccaya. This elaborate commentary quotes from or refers to the following works and authorities: Amara, Amogha (28.59–83),²²⁴ Amoghatantra (5.136–140),²²⁵ Atri (1.56), Atrisamhitā (2.26;²²⁶ 9.41;²²⁷ 25.58–60),²²⁸ Bhagavadgītā (1.44), Bhāgavata (1.56; 5.5), Bhaiṣajyaratnāvalī (3.52; 24.111–114, 121, 122; 25.58–60 and 98; 27.20 and 115–118), Bhārātānuśāsanika (1.6),²²⁹ Bhāvamiśra (5.26, 45, 149; 24.29; 25.38), Bhāvaprakāśa (2.1, 37–42, 142; 3.35, 101, 123, 148; 4.27; 5.1 and 102–103; 9.6–8; 10.53–54, 59, 60; 24.12; 28.3; 29.19; 30.71), Bhoja (24.29, 106, 137; 28.59–83),²³⁰ Brahmavaivarta (11.1–3), Cakra (22.126, 141, 152, 153; 23.67; 24.85–86, 90, 122; 25.51–52 and 83–85; 28.59–83), Cakradatta (22.93–96; 24.93 and 136; 25.42; 28.37 and 41–45, 59–83; 30.31 and 61), Cakrasamgraha and Cakrapāṇi(saṃgraha) (10.80; 12.11; 17.11; 18.68; 22.108; 23.6; 24.13 and 138; 25.4, 45, 50, 73–74, 101–105; 28.59–83; 30.31, 32, 33, 60), Cakṣuṣya (24.71), Caraka, Devīśāstra (18.181), Dravyaguṇa (30.71), Gāruḍa (4.28),²³² Gītā (1.44, 48, 51),²³³ granthāntara, Hārīta (27.1), Kāśyapa (25.106), Līlāvatī (10.4),²³⁴ Mādhava (24.105;²³⁵ 28.59–83),²³⁶ Mādhavakara (24.71 and 91),²³⁷ Madhukośa and Madhukośakṛt (20, 117–123 and 186; 24.71),²³⁸ Manu (1.47), Manuṣamhitā (5.4), Mātṛkābheda (5.2), Medinī and Medinīkoṣa (10.4; 12.10; 22.116–120; 24.100–101), Nāgārjuna (28.59–83), Nāradasmṛti (27.128–144), Nighaṇṭurāja (4.50), Paribhāṣāpradīpa (8.1; 10.75), Pātañjala (28.59–83), Patañjali (5.136–140), Rājanighaṇṭu (18.116–123), Rasakaumudī (16.129–138), Rasaratnākara (1.33; 2.4, 5–8; 5, 99, 100; 15.64, 65; 16.142–145; 17.2–4, 9–10, 11, 19–21, 43–44; 18.70–71, 96–100, 102–103, 116–123, 215–218; 19.14–18, 19–22, 32–34, 42–44, 45–53, 94–95, 99, 100–103; 20.22, 41–46, 137–141, 142–146, 147–150, 225–226, 227–228; 21.3–7, 138–140, 152–153, 154, 157, 161, 162–164, 165–166; 22.114; 23.36; 24.10, 75, 92, 100–101, 109, 111–114, 122; 25.21, 51–52, 58–60; 27.14–16, 23–25, 31–38, 115–118; 28.8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 18, 27), Rasendracintāmaṇi (1.31–32, 33, 71, 83; 2.5–8, 69; 5.2, 100, 136–140, 150, 225–230; 6.27–57; 8.69, 70, 86, 88; 9.31–32; 10.53–54; 11.15–16; 12.18; 16.146; 18.116–123; 19.19–22, 90; 20.89–99, 142–146, 215–217; 21.20, 35–39, 162–164; 22.30–40, 41–46; 27.1, 4, 5; 30.7–9, 19–20, 92–95), Rasendrasāra (2.13; 8.29; 11.27–28 and 48; 14.2–13; 16.154–156; 17.8, 9–10, 19–21, 135–138, 139–140; 19.14–18; 21.9–10, 35–39, 49, 60, 118–129, 162–164; 24.111–114; 27.20; 29.142–155 and 156),²³⁹ Rasendrasārasamgraha (1.33, 71, 83; 2.1, 5–8, 14–15, 21, 23, 65; 10.53–54; 12.18; 13.49–50; 14.36–50; 15.64; 16.90–91, 129–139; 17.28–29 and 135–138; 18.66–67, 70–71, 96–100, 102–103, 116–123, 215–218, 219–220; 19.14–18, 19–22, 32–34, 42–44, 90, 100–103; 20.1, 89–99, 151–153, 215–217, 225–226, 227–228; 21.35–39, 118–129, 162–164, 167–168), Rasendrasāravyākhyā (18.116–123), Raseśvaradarśana (1.76, 77, 78; 6.60), Ratnamālā (3.52), Rudra (10.4),²⁴⁰ Rugviniścaya (22.143–144; 25.1–2), Rugviniścayakṛt (241),²⁴¹ Śārasamudī (28.12), Śārṅgadhara (3.96; 4.20; 8.89; 27.26–30), Śāśvata (5.77),²⁴² Siddhayoga (20.35; 22.124; 23.74; 24.87, 94, 107; 25.68, 90, 101–105; 28.39–40, 41–45, 46–50; 29.80–81),²⁴³ Śivadāsa (12.11; 22.126; 24.85–86, 90, 122, 123; 25.42; 28.39–40, 59–83; 29.104–106),²⁴⁴ Śivadāsavyākhyā (24.87; 25.68),²⁴⁵ Somadeva (8.1), Śrīkaṇṭha (24.91),²⁴⁶ Śruti, Suśruta, tantrāntara, Tattvacandrikā (29.104–106),²⁴⁷ Tattvacandrikākāra (24.41; 28.46–50), Ṭoḍarānanda (3.96), Trivikrama (18.116–123), Vācaspatya (3.142),²⁴⁸ Vāgbhaṭa, Vaṅgasena (24.90), Varāha (18.205–214),²⁴⁹ Varāhācārya (26.22), Vṛnda (24.18, 35, 40, 41, 120),²⁵⁰ Vyākhyākusumāvalikāra (28.46–50),²⁵¹ and Yogaratnākara (2.75–76; 23.45; 24.16–17, 118, 122, 123, 136; 25.37, 38, 39, 88, 93; 28.12 and 27).

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The Bodhinī is an interesting and useful commentary; it gives much attention to the text of the Rasaratnasamuccaya; a large number of variants and parallels are discussed

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by the authors, who were Bengali brāhmaṇas, sons of the well-known Jīvānanda Vidyāsāgara.

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Hazārīlāl Sukul’s Dīpikā on the Rasaratnasamuccaya quotes from or refers to the following works and authorities:²⁵² Amara (often), Ānandāśramīya (3, 64, 124, 137, 245, 297, 309, 375),²⁵³ Āśubodha (322),²⁵⁴ Āyurvedaprakāśa (53, 88, 91, 105, 133, 147, 168, 202, 269, 276), bhagavantaḥ (24), Bhāratīyarasāyanaśāstretihāsa (370, 383),²⁵⁵ Bhāṣānibandha by Mallikhita (285),²⁵⁶ Bhāvacintāmaṇi (419),²⁵⁷ Bhāvamīśra (412), Bhāvaprakāśa (127, 412, 414, 437), Bindu (72, 80),²⁵⁸ Brahmapurāṇa (4), Caraka (45, 64), Caturbhuja (73),²⁵⁹ Cūḍāmaṇi (39, 42, 74, 95, 146, 151, 152, 158, 192, 195, 210, 227, 230, 239, 247, 370, 376, 410, 411, 412, 445),²⁶⁰ Dattarāma (369, 421, 424, 425),²⁶¹ Devīśāstra (483), Dharaṇīdhikṣu (361),²⁶² Dhuṇḍhuka(nātha) (12, 13, 15, 16, 70, 214),²⁶³ Gaṇeśa (290),²⁶⁴ Gayādāsa (413),²⁶⁵ Gītā (24, 25),²⁶⁶ Gorakṣa (167), Govinda (123, 449), Govindabhikṣu (361),²⁶⁷ Govindācārya (188), Govindapādaḥ (3, 15, 47, 70, 71, 97, 325),²⁶⁸ granthāntara, Hariprapanna (102),²⁶⁹ Haṭhapradīpikāra,²⁷⁰ Jīvārama (31, 113, 293, 399, 421, 422, 424), Jīvārāmīya (214, 428),²⁷¹ Jyeṣṭhamalla (322, 424, 425),²⁷² Kālidāsa (9),²⁷³ Kālikātāpātha (96), Kālikātīya (31, 137, 140, 160, 178, 214, 269, 366, 386, 477),²⁷⁴ Kāśīya (449),²⁷⁵ Kośa (17, 294, 296, 309, 322, 468, 484), Kṛṣṇadeva (484),²⁷⁶ Kṛṣṇarāha (7),²⁷⁷ Kumārasambhava (30),²⁷⁸ Lauhapaddhati (234), Lohapaddhati, (234, 235), Mādhava (13, 16, 45, 48, 49, 51, 63, 70, 74, 80, 81, 87, 121, 150, 207, 216, 239, 269, 452, 482), Mādhavācārya (188),²⁷⁹ Mahādeva (38, 74, 75, 80, 154, 158, 410),²⁸⁰ Medinī (315, 469, 484), Mujarrabāt-e-Akbarī (393),²⁸¹ Nāgārjuna (106, 159),²⁸² Nārāyaṇa (88, 135, 136, 137, 165, 174, 239, 266, 322, 357, 361, 412, 414, 439),²⁸³ Nārāyaṇagrantha (373), Nighaṇṭu (261, 283, 301, 426, 449, 469),²⁸⁴ Pūniya (31, 140, 160, 178, 181, 214, 363, 366, 375, 386, 422, 447, 477),²⁸⁸ Puṇiyatippaṇa (111),²⁸⁹ Purandararahasya (167), Raghunātha (113, 162, 165, 176, 267, 328, 365, 395, 444, 468, 484),²⁹⁰ Raghunāthavyākhyā (137), Rasadarpana (168), Rasahṛdaya (27, 28, 55, 57, 114, 137, 446),²⁹¹ Rasakāmadhenu (77, 105),²⁹² Rasapaddhati (76, 83, 101),²⁹³ Rasaprakāśasudhakara (105, 114, 116, 136, 140, 182, 188, 275, 276, 446),²⁹⁴ Rasarājapaddhati (446), Rasarājaśamkara (458), Rasarājasundara (106, 182, 188, 365, 425),²⁹⁵ Rasaratnākara (155, 214, 449), Rasaratnapradīpikā (123), Rasārṇava (64, 65, 67, 69, 81, 104, 200, 200 ka, 204, 230, 297, 340, 365, 426, 446), Rasasāgara (372), Rasasāra (437, 439),²⁹⁶ Rasataraṅgiṇī (144),²⁹⁷ Rasāyanasāra (76, 77, 266, 450),²⁹⁸ Rasendra (116, 120, 254), Rasendracūḍāmaṇi (263, 321, 356, 368, 375, 382, 426),²⁹⁹ Rasendrakalpadruma (446), Rasendrasārasamgraha (144, 436, 452), Praphulla Rāya (358),³⁰⁰ Śabdārthacintāmaṇi (259, 313),³⁰¹ Sadānanda (98, 172),³⁰² Śaktyavatāra (445), Śālīgrāma (3, 284, 313, 420, 483),³⁰³ Somadeva (127, 129, 321, 356, 376, 395),³⁰⁴ Śyāma (206, 208, 224, 225, 252),³⁰⁵ Śyāmasundarācārya (450),³⁰⁶ Ṭoḍarānanda (393, 402, 457), Umeśa (54),³⁰⁶ Vāgbhaṭa, yādavācāśabdindu (299),³⁰⁷ Vaijayantī (309),³⁰⁸ Vaṅkateśvarīya (181),³⁰⁹ Vāmanapurāṇa (64), Veda (64), Vedānta (18), Viṣṇudharmottara (246), Viśva (94), 310 Viśveśvarīprasāda (449), 311 Vyāsa (31, 63, 65), Yādava (64), 312 and Yaśodhara (44, 50, 51, 59, 61, 85, 87, 89, 135, 137, 158, 197, 359, 375, 399, 412, 414). 313

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The author of the Dīpikā refers to the views of modern scholars, 314 to those of scientists, 315 to the tradition adhered to by himself, 316 etc. The names of plants and substances in various parts of India are repeatedly mentioned.

v3.c50.s7.34

Hazārīlāl’s views are quoted in Gulrājśarmamiśra’s commentary on the Āyurvedaprakāśa.

v3.c50.s7.35

The author was a son of Rāmanātha Sukul, of Bharadvājagotra, and lived in a village called Mahuvā near Kānyakubja. 317 He also wrote a work called Rasendrasampradāya. He was a teacher at the Paṭnā Āyurvedic College. 318

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