A History of Indian Medical Literature v4.c59.74

v4.c59.74

said to be situated in the Kṛṣṇa-Tuṅgabhadrā doāb; see the details given by Hymavathi). P.V. Sharma (AVI 189) interpreted the word mudgal as referring to the Mughals. The geographical names which occur in the *Bhāvaprakāśa* have been collected by P.V. Sharma (1972a: 72–73). 195 P. Cordier (1899b): 562. 196 P.V. Sharma’s Foreword to Vol. I of the *Āyurvedasaukhya*. 197 See about the species of *Smilax* used as copacīnī: M. Abdul Kareem (1997), Nrs. 1493–1497; DWH III, 500–503; Watt VI (Part 3), 253–255; WIRM IX, 365–368. See also: W. Ainslie (1826): I, 70–72. See on the chemical constituents of *Smilax aspera* Linn.: S. Rangaswami and K.N.N. Ayengar (1968). Indian sarsaparilla, employed as a substitute, derives from a botanically unrelated plant, *Hemidesmus indicus* R.Br. = *Periploca indica* Willd. (W. Ainslie, 1826: I, 381–383; R.N. Chopra et al., 1958: 187–189; DWH II, 446–449; WIRM V, 33–34), and some other species. Copacīnī is called dvīpāntaravacā in the *Bhāvaprakāśanighaṇṭu*. See on the Indian substitutes for sarsaparilla: R.V. Krishna Rao, T. Satyanarayana and D.V.S. Padmasree (1989); S.P. Wahi, M.S. Ansari and S. Prasad (1971a), (1971b). 198 See on the way syphilis may have reached India: Ed. Jeanselme (1931): 102. See about syphilis in India and in Indian medicine: I. Bloch (1901): 284–291; N. Chevers (1886): 325–330; P.D. Gaitonde (1983): 72–73; HIM I, Intr. 132–137; P. Hymavathi (1993): 259–262; J. Jolly (1901): 106 (C.G. Kashikar 128–129); N.M. Penzer (1952): 65–66; Radha Krishna (1927); D.V.S. Reddy *(1936)*, *(1938a)*, *(1938b)*, *(1938c)*, *(1939a)*, *(1939b)*, *(1940)*, (1972a); H.E. Sigerist (1961): 131–132. Less well-known works dealing with syphilis are, for example, the following works written in Telugu: Veṅkaṭanātha’s *Pañcatantramu*, the *Navaratnākara* and Tuḷḷūru Śarabharāju’s *Śarabharājiyamu*; the *Navaratnākara* describes twelve, the *Śarabharājiyamu* eighteen kinds of the disease (see P. Hymavathi, 1993: 261). Syphilis and its treatment by Indian physicians are often mentioned in the records left by European travellers; see, for example: Anonymous (1965c): 248–249 (taken from the notes and observations of John Marshall). See on syphilis in Persian medical literature: C. Elgood (1979): 375–382. See on the earliest descriptions of the disease and its treatment (with mercury and salsaparilla) in China: Ed. Jeanselme (1931): 99–100. The history of syphilis is discussed in several books and articles; see, for example, I. Bloch (1901, 1911); A.W. Crosby (1972): 122–164, (1977); Mirko D. Grmek (1991): 133–144 (with references); E.H. Hudson (1965); E. Jeanselme (1931): I, 1–432 (with references); N.M. Penzer (1952): 44–68. Yaws (framboesia), like syphilis caused by a spirochaete of the genus *Treponema*, is not described as a distinct entity in āyurvedic texts; see on yaws in India: M.J. Joshi and C.D. Deshpande (1972): 8–9. 199 U.Ch. Dutt (1922), Preface 13. DWH III, 500. F.A. Flückiger and D. Hanbury (1986): 648. B. Laufer (1967): 556–557. See especially Garcia d’Orta’s 47th Colloquy on the root of China: Garcia d’Orta (1979): 378–389; the first edition of d’Orta’s work was published in Goa on 10 April 1563. See about d’Orta and his work: K.T. Achaya (1994): 168–169; A.K. Bagchi (1997): 116–122; V. Bali (1889–1891); J. Barros (1988); C.R. Boxer (1963); R. Desmond (1992): 14–15; Conde de Ficalho (1983); H. Friedenwald (1941); P.D. Gaitonde (1983): 118–140; E. Jeanselme (1934); M. de Jong (1964); M. de Jong and D.A. Wittop Koning’s Introductions to the facsimile ed. (1963) of Carolus Clusius (1567); R.N. Kapil and A.K. Bhatnagar (1976); Sir C.R. Markham’s Intr. to his English translation of the *Coloquios* *(1913; repr. 1979)*; N.M. Penzer (1952): 189–199; D.V.S. Reddy *(1938c)*,