Ancient Indian Education (Brahmanical and Buddhist) c17.70

c17.70

¹ "The twenty-second verse alone would give any liberty of shortening (*yāvad vā gurur manyeta*). Oldenberg, translating this, notes the consequence, and calls the plan an 'abridged method, by which students who had not the intention of becoming Vedic scholars and probably chiefly students of the Kshatriya and Vaiśya caste, could fulfil their duty of learning the Veda'. In xii, 132, 20, 21 (= Manu, viii, 44) we are told that the *dharmavid*, or king erudite in rules of duty, must know the 'four-fold system of right'. This is best explained by another verse in the same book (xii, 59, 33), where the three-fold (Veda) is one; logic, two; agricultural occupations (including trading, etc.), three; and the system of punishment, four. The age of manhood is reached at sixteen"