Ancient Indian Education (Brahmanical and Buddhist) c21.24

c21.24

**Non-Buddhist Orders of Śramaṇas.** As regards the Samaṇas, they are distinguished as of four kinds, viz. Maggajinas (victorious by the way), Maggadesins (teaching the way), Maggajīvins (living in the way), and Maggadūsins (defiling the way) [*Suttanipāta*, vv. 85–8]. There are disputes among these Samaṇas [ib., vv. 828, 883–4], as a result of which different schools of philosophy arise, of which there were as many as sixty-three at the time of the Buddha [ib., v. 538], designated as *Diṭṭhi* (Dṛishṭi) or heresies.¹