A History of Hindu Chemistry from the Earliest Times to the Middle of the Sixteenth Century A.D. v2.c35.111

v2.c35.111

Patanjali not only applies the Scientific Methods to the foundations of Grammatical Analysis, but also *by their means* establishes and elaborates the fundamental categories and concepts of Grammatical (and Philological) Science, *e.g.*, the concepts of action ( क्रिया ), agent ( कर्त्ता ), instrumental cause ( करण साधकतम् ), end ( निमित्त ), origin ( हेतु ), limit ( अवधि ), substance ( द्रव्य ), quality ( गुण ), and genus ( जाति );—also of the fundamental relations (at the bottom of all thought and *speech*)—the relations of Time ( कालिकसम्बन्ध ), of Space ( दिगदेशसम्बन्ध ), of Causality ( कार्यकारणभाव ), of inherence ( समवाय ), of co-inherence ( विशेषणविशेष्यभाव ), of the sign and the signate ( संज्ञासंज्ञिभाव ), of mutual dependence ( इतरेतराश्रय );—an entire grammatical (and philological) apparatus, which will serve as a ‘point d’appui’ for generations of philologists and grammarians to come.