A History of Hindu Chemistry from the Earliest Times to the Middle of the Sixteenth Century A.D. v2.c35.14

v2.c35.14

Fallacies of Observation—Mal-observation and Non-observation :—These were carefully studied in relation to errors of observation, and Hallucination (भ्रम, अभ्यास, आरोप),—which were ascribed to three causes :—(a) Dosha, दोष, defect of sense organ, as of the eye in jaundice, or of the skin in certain forms of leprosy (leading to tactile insensibility, cf. Susruta), or defect of necessary stimulus, *e.g.*, too faint light, or undue distance or nearness, in vision; (b) Samprayoga, सम्प्रयोग, presentation of a part or an aspect instead of the whole; and (c) Sanskára, संस्कार, the disturbing influence of mental predisposition, *e.g.* expectation, memory, habit, prejudice, etc.