The Positive Sciences of the Ancient Hindus c8.t5.62

c8.t5.62

(*a*) *Charmapakṣa pâkṣis*, leather-winged animals, which are Deciduata (*Potaja*). Charaka calls them *Mṛigapakṣiṇa* (mammal birds), and distinguishes them from the birds of prey proper, in his enumeration of the *Prasahas* (*Sutrasthâna*, Chap. XXVII.). The Bats mentioned are:—
(1) *Valguli* (flying-fox).
(2) The *Pakṣi Virâla* (flying-cat, micro-Chiroptera).
(3) The *Bharanda* (a species of micro-Chiroptera, the horse-shoe bat?).
(4) The *Jalukâ* (*lit.* aquatic or amphibious, or more probably leech, bat, blood-sucking or vampire bat?). These are placed among carnivorous animals.