Vada in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses c6.s5.11

c6.s5.11

There are grounds for agreement between the orthodox and heterodox schools, especially between Śāṅkara-Vedānta and Buddhist schools of Śūnyavāda and Vijñānavāda who regard the knowledge acquired through *pramāṇas* as not absolutely real. They assign to it a level of practical reality — *vyāvahārika sattā* or *saṁvṛti-satya*. On the other hand, Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika, Mīmāṁsā and Mādhva Vedāntin regard knowledge gained through *pramāṇas* as absolutely real. There is no place for *māyā* (illusion) in the world-view of Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika and Mādhva Vedānta. To the Naiyāyika the whole world is formed of real entities, which become objects of *pramā* (knowledge) that cannot be contradicted. The existence of these entities is defined by *jāti* or *sāmānya*.