Vada in Theory and Practice: Studies in Debates, Dialogues and Discussions in Indian Intellectual Discourses c7.s2.18

c7.s2.18

After this Caraka produces a long list of technical terms with which the participants in a debate should be well-acquainted.⁴⁸ Out of the forty categories cited by him, the following are in addition to the ones defined by Gautama: *drava*, *guṇa*, *karma*, *sāmānya*, *viśeṣa*, *samavāya*, *sthāpanā*, *pratiṣṭhāpanā*, *uttara*, *aitihya*, *aupamya*, *jijñāsā*, *vyavasāya*, *arthaprāpti*, *sambhava*, *anuyojya*, *ananuyojya*, *anuyoga*, *pratyanuyoga*, *vākyadoṣa* and *vākyapraśaṁsā*. *Siddhānta* is included in sixteen *padārthas* (universal categories) of *Nyāyadarśana*. Some of his terms like *atītakāla*, *upalambha*, *parihāra*, *pratijñāhāni*, *abhyanujñā*, *hetvantara* and *arthāntara* cited here by Caraka are included in the *nigrahasthānas* and whereas some others may fall under the *hetvābhāsas* (fallacies). He has used the term *ahetu* for fallacious reason and has defined here three types of *ahetus*: *prakaraṇasama*, *saṁśayasama* and *varṇyasama*.