Narapatijayacarya 2: mātrāsvarā'dhyāyaḥ

2.p1

oṃ

Oṃ.

2.p2

atha mātrāsvarā'dhyāyaḥ

Now begins the chapter on moraic sounds.

2.2.1

athātaḥsammaprakṣyāmi khyātāye brahmayāmale ||
mātrādibhedabhinnānāṃ svarāṇāṃ ṣoḍaśodayān ||

Now, therefore, I shall fully explain the sixteen risings of the sounds / differentiated by morae and so forth, as celebrated in the Brahmayāmala.

2.2.2

mātṛkāyāṃ purā proktāḥ svarāḥṣoḍaśasaṃkhyān ||
a ā i ī u ū ṛ ṝ lṛ lṝ e ai o au aṃ aḥ |
teṣāṃ dvāvantimau (aṃ aḥ)tyājyau----
-catvāraśca (ṛ ṝ lṛ lṝ )napuṃsakau ||

In the phonetic matrix sixteen sounds were formerly proclaimed: / a, ā, i, ī, u, ū, ṛ, ṝ, lṛ, lṝ, e, ai, o, au, aṃ, aḥ. / Of these, the final two (aṃ, aḥ) are to be abandoned, / and the four neuter ones (ṛ, ṝ, lṛ, lṝ).

2.2.3

śeṣā daśa svarāsteṣu syādekaiko dvike dvike |
jñeyāstatra svarā ādyā--
-hrasvāḥ ( a i u e o )pañca svarodaye ||

Ten sounds remain; among them, there is one for each pair. / There the primary short [sounds]— / the five (a, i, u, e, o)—are to be known in svarodaya.

2.2.4

lābhālābhaṃ sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ jīvitaṃ maraṇaṃ tathā |
jayaḥ parājayaśceti sarvaṃ jñeyaṃ svarodaye ||

Gain and loss, happiness and sorrow, likewise life and death, / victory and defeat: all this is to be known in svarodaya.

2.2.5

svarādimātrikoccāro mātṛvyāptaṃ jagattrayam |
tasmātsvarodabhavaṃ sarvaṃ trailokyaṃ sacarācaram ||

The three worlds are pervaded by the phonetic matrix, which is uttered beginning with sounds; / therefore, all three worlds, moving and unmoving, arise from sound.

2.2.6

akārādyāḥ svarāḥ pañca brahmādyāḥ pañcadevatāḥ |
nivṛttyādyāḥ kalāḥ pañca icchādyāḥ śaktipañcakam ||

The five sounds beginning with 'a' are the five deities beginning with Brahmā; / the five digits are those beginning with Nivṛtti, and the fivefold power consists of those beginning with Icchā.

2.6

athātaḥ iti | spaṣṭarthaḥ | mātṛkāyāmiti | purā gantre akārādayaḥ ṣoḍaśasvarāḥ proktāḥ | tepaṃ madhye dvāvantimau trpraṃ aḥ tyājyau | catvāro ṛ ṝ lṛ lṛ napuṃsakāstyājyāḥ | śeṣeti | śeṇādaśasvarāḥ a ā i ī u ū e ai o au hrasvarāstapudvidvikepu ekaikameva gṛhṇīyāt | tadyathā u i u e o ervasvarūpāḥ | atredamavadhāryama | akāreṇa yatphalaṃ śubhāśubhaṃ tadevākāreṇāpi bodhyam | astadoṣāccedakāra pīḍitastadā''kāro'pi pīḍitaḥ | evamikārādāvapi bodhyam | lābhā lābhamiti | eṣāṃ svarāṇāmudaye lābhābhapraśnelābhaḥ alābhañca vaktavyau | sukhapraśne sukhaṃdaṃḥkhaṃ ca, rogādinā jīvitamaraṇapraśne jīvitaṃ maraṇaṃ ca vidyāt || sarveṣāṃ prāṇināṃ nāmagrahaṇo varṇā akārādimātṛkābhiḥ vinā uccārayitu na śakyāḥ ataeva praśne svarāḥ phalaprakāśakāḥ bhavanti | akārādyā iti | akārādyāḥ pañcasvarāḥ brahmādayaḥ pañca devatā jñeyāḥ | brahmaviṣṇurudrandrasūryātmakāḥ krameṇa jñeyāḥ | praśnakarttuḥ yaḥ svarodayastaṃ daivataṃ dhyāyedityarthaḥ | tata eva nivṛttyādyāḥ pañcakalāḥ nivṛttipratiṣṭhāvidyāśāntyatiśāntyayaḥ | arthāt yātrāpraśne cedakārodayastadā nivṛttiḥ nivarttanaṃ syāt | ikārodaye pratiṣṭhāpraśne pratiṣṭhā vācyā | ukārodaye vidyāprāptiḥ | ekārodaye śāntipraśne śubhaṃ vadet okārodaye atiśāntirvācyā | atiśāntirmuktiḥ | evaṃ tattadudaye brahmādiṃ dhyātvā tattatkāryaṃ vidheyam | tata eva icchādyaṃ śaktipañcakam | icchā, jñānā, prabhā, śraddha, medhā idaṃ śaktipañcakam ||

"Athātaḥ" [verse 18]: the meaning is clear. "Mātṛkāyām" [verse 19]: formerly, sixteen sounds beginning with 'a' were proclaimed in the Tantra. Among them, the two final ones, 'aṃ' and 'aḥ', are to be discarded; the four neuter ones, 'ṛ', 'ṝ', 'lṛ', and 'lṝ', are to be discarded. "Śeṣā" [verse 20]: the remaining ten sounds are a, ā, i, ī, u, ū, e, ai, o, au; of these short and long sounds, taken in pairs, one should take only one each, namely: a, i, u, e, o, in the form of short vowels. Here this should be understood: whatever auspicious or inauspicious result is denoted by the short 'a', that very same is to be understood by the long 'ā'. If the short 'a' is afflicted due to an afflicted defect, then the long 'ā' is also afflicted. The same is to be understood for 'i' and so forth. "Lābhālābham" [verse 21]: upon the rising of these sounds, in an inquiry about gain, gain or non-gain is to be stated; in an inquiry about happiness, happiness and distress [are to be stated]; in an inquiry about life or death due to disease and the like, one should discern life or death. The phonemes in taking the names of all living beings cannot be uttered without the matrix beginning with 'a'; for this very reason, sounds reveal the fruits in an inquiry. "Akārādyāḥ" [verse 23]: the five sounds beginning with 'a' are to be known as the five deities beginning with Brahmā; they are to be known respectively as having the nature of Brahmā, Viṣṇu, Rudra, Indra, and Sūrya. The meaning is: one should meditate upon that deity whose sound rises for the inquirer. Thence also the five digits beginning with Nivṛtti, namely Nivṛtti, Pratiṣṭhā, Vidyā, Śānti, and Atiśānti. That is to say: if there is the rising of 'a' in an inquiry regarding a military march, then there is Nivṛtti, turning back; upon the rising of 'i', in an inquiry regarding consecration, consecration is to be stated; upon the rising of 'u', the acquisition of knowledge [is indicated]; upon the rising of 'e', in an inquiry regarding pacification, one should declare auspiciousness; upon the rising of 'o', Atiśānti is to be stated—Atiśānti means liberation. Thus, having meditated upon Brahmā and the rest at the rising of each respective [sound], one should perform that corresponding task. From that very [source arises] the fivefold power beginning with Icchā: Icchā, Jñānā, Prabhā, Śraddhā, and Medhā—this is the fivefold power.

2.0.p1

māyādyāścakrabhedāśca dharādyaṃ bhūtapañcakam |
śabdādiviṣayāste ca kāmabāṇā itīritāḥ ||

2.0.p2

piṃḍaṃ padaṃ tathā rūpaṃ rūpātītaṃ niraṃjanam |
svarabhedasthitaṃ jñānaṃ jñāyate gurutaḥ sadā ||

2.0.p3

akārādyāḥ svarāḥ pañca teṣāmaṣṭavidhāstvamī |
mātrā varṇo graho jīvo rāśirbhaṃ piṃḍayogakau ||

2.0.p4

prasupto budhyate yena yenāgacchati śabditaḥ |
tatra nāmādyavarṇo yā mātrā mātrāsvaraḥ sa hi ||

2.10

māyādyā iti---tata eva māyādiścakrabhedāḥ | caturastraṃ, ardhacadraṃ trikoṇaṃ, dvitrikoṇam, vartulam | tata eva śabdādyāḥ pañcaviṣayāḥ | gandha, rasa, rā, rūpa, sparśa, śabdāḥ | tata eva dharādyaṃ bhūtapañcakam | pṛthvī, jala, agri, vāyu, ākāśāḥ | tata eva pañca kāmabāṇāḥ | śoṣaṇa-mohana-dīpana-saṃtāpana-pramatha-narūpāḥ | piṇḍeti | piṃḍasaṃjñā bālajñasya | padasaṃjñā kumārasya | rūpasaṃjñā yūnaḥ | rūpātītasaṃjñā vṛddhasya | niraṃjanasaṃjñā mṛtasya | imāṃ svarabhedasaṃjñāṃ guruto gurumukhādevāpekṣitam | yathā sadānandasya nāmni akāro vartate ataḥ sadānandasya mātrāsvaro'kāraḥ evaṃ savarkeṣāṃ nāmri svarā jñeyāḥ ||

"Māyādyāḥ" [verse 25]: from that very [source arise] the divisions of the diagrammatic wheel beginning with Māyā: square, crescent, triangle, double triangle, and circle. From that very [source arise] the five sensory objects beginning with sound: smell, taste, form, touch, and sound. From that very [source arises] the fivefold group of elements beginning with earth: earth, water, fire, wind, and space. From that very [source arise] the five arrows of Kāma, having the nature of drying, deluding, inflaming, tormenting, and crushing. "Piṇḍa" [verse 26]: the designation 'piṇḍa' belongs to the infant stage; the designation 'pada' belongs to the youth; the designation 'rūpa' belongs to the young adult; the designation 'rūpātīta' belongs to the aged; the designation 'nirañjana' belongs to the deceased. This technical nomenclature of the sound divisions is to be learned exclusively from the guru, from the mouth of the guru. Just as in the name Sadānanda there is the sound 'a', therefore the moraic sound of Sadānanda is 'a'—in this manner sounds are to be known in the names of all.

2.10.p1

mātrāsvaracakram |

The diagrammatic wheel of moraic sounds.

2.10.p2

vāla kumāra yuvā vṛddha mṛta avasthā

Infant, youth, young adult, old, dead: the states.

2.10.p3

a. i. u. e. o. svarāḥ

a, i, u, e, o: the sounds.

2.10.p4

ka. ki. ku. ke. ko.

ka, ki, ku, ke, ko.

2.10.p5

kha. khi, khu . khe. kho.

kha, khi, khu, khe, kho;

2.10.p6

ga. gi. gu . ge. go.

ga, gi, gu, ge, go;

2.10.p7

gha. dhi. ghu. ghe. gho.

gha, ghi, ghu, ghe, gho;

2.10.p8

ca. ci. cu . ce. co.

ca, ci, cu, ce, co;

2.10.p9

cha. chi. chu. che. cho.

cha, chi, chu, che, cho;

2.10.p10

ja. ji. ju je. jo.

ja, ji, ju, je, jo;

2.10.p11

jha. jhi. jhu. jhe. jho

jha, jhi, jhu, jhe, jho;

2.10.p12

ṭa. ṭi. ṅa ṭe. ṭo.

ṭa, ṭi, ṭu, ṭe, ṭo;

2.10.p13

ṭha. ṭhi. ṭhu. ṭhe. ṭho.

ṭha, ṭhi, ṭhu, ṭhe, ṭho;

2.10.p14

ṅa ṅi ḍu. ḍe, ḍo.

ḍa, ḍi, ḍu, ḍe, ḍo;

2.10.p15

ḍha. ḍhi. du. ḍhe. ḍho.

ḍha, ḍhi, ḍhu, ḍhe, ḍho;

2.10.p16

ta. ti. tu. te. to.

ta, ti, tu, te, to;

2.10.p17

tha. thi. thu. the. tho.

tha, thi, thu, the, tho;

2.10.p18

da. di. du. de. do.

da, di, du, de, do;

2.10.p19

dha. dhi. dhu. dhe. dho.

dha, dhi, dhu, dhe, dho;

2.10.p20

pa. pi. pu. pe. po.

pa, pi, pu, pe, po;

2.10.p21

pha. ki. phu. phe. pho.

pha, phi, phu, phe, pho;

2.10.p22

ba. bi. bu. be. bo.

ba, bi, bu, be, bo;

2.10.p23

bha. bhi. bhu. bhe. bho.

bha, bhi, bhu, bhe, bho;

2.10.p24

ya. yi. yu. ye. yo.

ya, yi, yu, ye, yo;

2.10.p25

ra. ri. ru. re. ro.

ra, ri, ru, re, ro;

2.10.p26

la. li. lu. le. lo.

la, li, lu, le, lo;

2.10.p27

va. vi. vu. ve. vo.

va, vi, vu, ve, vo;

2.10.p28

śa. śi. śu. śe. śo.

śa, śi, śu, śe, śo;

2.10.p29

ṣa. ṣi. ṣu. ṣe. ṣo.

ṣa, ṣi, ṣu, ṣe, ṣo;

2.10.p30

sa. si. su. se. so.

sa, si, su, se, so;

2.10.p31

ha. hi. hu. he. ho.

ha, hi, hu, he, ho.

2.10.p32

brahmā viṣṇu rudu sūrya candra devatā;

Deities: Brahmā, Viṣṇu, Rudra, Sūrya, Candra;

2.10.p33

nivṛtti pratiṣṭā vidyā śānti atiśānti kalāḥ

kalās: Nivṛtti, Pratiṣṭhā, Vidyā, Śānti, Śāntyatīta;

2.10.p34

icchā jñānā pramabhā śraddhā medhā śaktiḥ

powers: icchā, jñāna, prabhā, śraddhā, medhā;

2.10.p35

caturasra ardhacandra trikoṇa ṣaṭakoṇa vartula cakra

shapes: square, crescent, triangle, hexagon, circle;

2.10.p36

dharā jala agri vāyu ākāśa paṃcabhūta

five elements: earth, water, fire, wind, space;

2.10.p37

gaṃdha rasa rūpa sparśa śabda viṣaṣa

sensory objects: smell, taste, form, touch, sound;

2.10.p38

piṇḍa pada rūpa, spātīta niraṃjana saṃjñā

designations: aggregate, word, form, beyond form, taintless.

2.10.p39

varṇasvaracakram

The phoneme-sound diagram.

2.10.p40

kādihāntaṃ likhedvarṇān svarādho ṅañaṇojjñitān |

One should write the phonemes from 'ka' to 'ha' beneath the vowels, omitting ṅa, ña, and ṇa,

2.10.p41

(kakārādihakārāntāṃllikhedvarṇānsvarādho ṅañaṇojjñitān)

(One should write the phonemes beginning with 'ka' and ending with 'ha' beneath the vowels, omitting ṅa, ña, and ṇa)

2.2.11

tiryakpaṃktikrameṇaiva pañcatriṃśatprakoṣṭhake ||

in order of horizontal rows into thirty-five cells.

2.2.12

naranāmādimo varṇo yasmātsvarādadhaḥ sthitaḥ |
sa svarastasya varṇasya varṇasvara ihocyate ||

Under whichever vowel the initial phoneme of a person's name stands,
that vowel is declared here to be the phonemic sound of that phoneme.

2.2.13

na proktā ṅañaṇā varṇā nāmādau santi te nāhi |
cedabhanti tadā jñeyā gajaḍāste yathākramam ||

The phonemes ṅa, ña, and ṇa are not declared, for they do not occur at the beginning of a name;
if they do appear, then they should be known respectively as ga, ja, and ḍa.

2.14

yadi nāmni bhavedvarṇaḥ saṃyuktākṣaralakṣaṇaḥ |
grāhmastadādimo varṇa ityuktaṃ brahmayāmale ||

If there should be in a name a phoneme having the characteristic of a conjunct consonant,
then its initial phoneme must be taken; so it is said in the Brahmayāmala.

2.14.p1

kādīti---akārādi a i e e o svarāṇāmadhaḥ kakārādārabhya hakārāntān varṇān ṅa ña ṇa rṇān ujbhitān tyaktvā tiryak paṃktikrameṇa pañcatriṃśatprakoṣṭhake likhetṛ | naranāmādiriti | naranāmri yaḥ ādimo varṇaḥ sa yatsvarāddhaḥsthitaḥ sa svaraḥ tasya varṇasya varṇasvara hatyucayate | yathā devadttasya nāmri prathamavarṇo dakāraḥ sa cakre okārasvarāṇdhaḥ sthito'si ato devadattasya okāro varṇasvara iti | evaṃ sadānandasya varṇasvara ekāra eva | evaṃ sarvatra vicāraḥ karttavyaḥ | na proktā | yadi kathaṃcit nāmādau ṅañaṇā varṇāstadā tatra yathākrameṇa gajaḍā varṇāḥ grāhmāḥ | tatra gajaḍānāṃ yo varṇasvaraḥ so'nukrameṇa ṅañaṇānāṃ bodhyā iti | yadi nāmnīti | yadi kasyacinnarasya deśasya vā nāmādimo varṇa saṃyuktākṣaro bhavati | tadā tatra varṇasvaraḥ kaḥ grāhma iti jijñāsāyāmāha---grāhṛmastadādimo varṇaḥ | yathā kasyacinnāma śrīpatiriti tatrādimo varṇaḥ śakarastasyoparitano tatrāha kalyāṇavarmā | bahūni yasya nāmāni narasya syuḥ kadācana tataḥ paścādabhavaṃ nāma grāhmaṃ svaraviśāradaiḥ | tathā ca lampaṭācāryaḥ---yadā svarādikaṃ nāma tadā grāhmaṃ puro'kṣaram | deśe grāme pure harmye nare nāmādivarṇataḥ || varṇasvarodabhavaṃ teṣāṃ phalaṃ samyak pratiṣṭhitam | svarasya mātrā saṃjñoktā na varṇatvaṃ tu yāmale || mukunvijaye'pi---ādyo yuktākṣare nāmri purovarṇaḥ svarādika iti | tathā ca bavau śasau ṣakhau ṅañau

"Beginning with ka", etc.: Beneath the vowels beginning with a—a, i, [u], e, o—one should write across in thirty-five cells the phonemes starting from the letter ka and ending with the letter ha, omitting the phonemes ṅa, ña, and ṇa. "The beginning of a man's name", etc.: The first phoneme in a man's name, whatever vowel it stands beneath, that vowel is called the phoneme-sound of that phoneme. As in the case of Devadatta's name, the first phoneme is the letter da; in the diagrammatic wheel it stands beneath the vowel o, so o is Devadatta's phoneme-sound. In the same way, the phoneme-sound of Sadānanda is just the vowel e. Thus consideration should be made everywhere. "They are not declared": If somehow the phonemes ṅa, ña, and ṇa occur at the beginning of a name, then in that case the phonemes ga, ja, and ḍa are to be taken in their respective order. The phoneme-sound of ga, ja, and ḍa is to be understood as that of ṅa, ña, and ṇa respectively. "If in a name", etc.: If the initial phoneme of the name of a person or a country is a conjunct consonant, then, upon inquiring which phoneme-sound is to be taken there, he says: "Then the initial phoneme is to be taken." As when someone's name is Śrīpati, there the initial phoneme is the letter śa; the one above it [is taken]. On this point Kalyāṇavarman says: "Whenever a man should have many names, then the name that comes later is to be taken by those skilled in sounds." And likewise the master Lampaṭa: "When a name begins with a vowel, then the initial syllable is to be taken. In a country, village, town, palace, or person, according to the initial phoneme of the name, // the result arising from the phoneme-sound is firmly established for them. The duration of the vowel is declared as its measure, but not its phonemic nature in the yāmala." In the Mukundavijaya also: "In a name with a conjunct consonant, the first is the leading phoneme; a vowel is initial," and so forth. And likewise, ba and va, śa and sa, ṣa and kha, ṅa and ña [are identical]...

2.14-2

jñeyāviti parasparam | ubhau tulyaphalau bhinnasvarasyādhaḥ sthitāvapi | iti varṇasvaraḥ ||

are to be known as mutually equivalent. Both have equal fruits, even though situated beneath different vowels.' Thus concludes the phonemic sound.

2.14-2.p1

varṇasvaracakram

The phoneme-sound diagram.

2.14-2.p2

bāla kumāra yuvā vṛddha mṛta

Child, Youth, Young Man, Old Man, Dead.

2.14-2.p3

a. i. u. e. o.

a, i, u, e, o.

2.14-2.p4

ka. kha. ga. gha. ca.

ka, kha, ga, gha, ca;

2.14-2.p5

cha. ja. jha. ṭa. ṭha.

cha, ja, jha, ṭa, ṭha;

2.14-2.p6

ṅa ḍha. ta. tha. da.

ḍa, ḍha, ta, tha, da;

2.2.15

dha. na. pa. pha. ba.
bha. ma. ya. ra. la.
va. śa. ṣa. sa. ha.
atha grahasvarāḥ |
asvaro meṣasiṃhāli haḥ kanyāyugmakarkaṭāḥ |
ukārasya dhanurmīnāvesvarasya tulāvṛṣau ||

dha, na, pa, pha, ba;
bha, ma, ya, ra, la;
va, śa, ṣa, sa, ha.
Now, the planetary sounds:
The 'a'-sound belongs to Aries, Leo, and Scorpio; the 'i'-sound belongs to Virgo, Gemini, and Cancer;
Sagittarius and Pisces belong to the 'u'-sound; Libra and Taurus belong to the 'e'-sound;

2.2.16

okāre mṛgakumbhau ca rāśīśāśca grahasvarāḥ |
svarādhaḥ sthāpayetkheṭān rāśeryo yasya nāyakaḥ ||

and Capricorn and Aquarius belong to the 'o'-sound; and the lords of the signs are the planetary sounds.
Beneath the vowel one should place the planets: whichever planet is the ruler of a sign.

2.2.17

bhaumaśukrajñacandrārkabudhaśakrāramaṃtriṇaḥ |
saurisaurī tathā jīvo meṣādīnāmadhīśvarāḥ ||

Mars, Venus, Mercury, Moon, Sun, Mercury, Venus, Mars, and Jupiter,
Saturn, Saturn, and likewise Jupiter are the respective lords of Aries and the rest.

2.2.17.p1

asvaro iti | asvarasyādhaḥ meṣasiṃhāli meṣasiṃhavṛścikā lekhanīyāḥ | isvarasyādhaḥ strīyugmakarkaṭāḥ | usvarasyādhaḥ---dhanurmīnau | esvarasyādhaḥ tulāvṛṣau | osvurasyādhaḥ mṛgakumṛbhau | evaṃ cakre ālikhya yasya rāśeryo'dhipastaṃ tadadhastāllikhet | evaṃ yasya svarasyādho yo grahastasya sa svaro jñeyaḥ ityarthaḥ ||15|| ||16||bhaumeti | spaṣṭam|atha grahasvarodāsaharaṇam | devadattasya nāmni dekāravarṇa sa ca de0 do0 ca0 cīva revatī nakṣatrasya catuścaraṇānāṃ madhye prathamaścaraṇaḥ | revatīnakṣatreṇa mīnarāśiḥ sa ca ukārasvarasyādhaḥ | mīnarāśeradhipaḥ guruḥ gururukārasvāmī ato devadattasya grahasvara ukāraḥ evaṃ sadānandasya nāgni sakāravarṇaḥ sa ca gosāsīsūśatabhiṣanakṣatrasya caturṇāṃ caraṇānāṃ madhye dvitīyaścaraṇaḥ kumbharāśyātmakastasya svamāmī śaniḥ okārasvarādadhasthastena sadānandasya okāra svara eva grahasvara iti evaṃ sarvatra yojyam | iti grahasvarāḥ

[On the verse] 'The a-sound' and so forth: Beneath the 'a'-sound, Aries, Leo, and Scorpio are to be written. Beneath the 'i'-sound, Virgo, Gemini, and Cancer. Beneath the 'u'-sound, Sagittarius and Pisces. Beneath the 'e'-sound, Libra and Taurus. Beneath the 'o'-sound, Capricorn and Aquarius. Having thus drawn them in the diagram, whichever lord belongs to whichever sign, one should write him beneath it. Thus, whichever planet is beneath whichever vowel, that vowel is to be understood as belonging to it; such is the meaning. (15, 16) [On the verse] 'Mars' and so forth: This is clear. Now, an illustration of planetary sounds: In Devadatta's name, the phoneme is 'de', and that 'de'—among the four quarters of the asterism Revatī [bearing the syllables] de, do, ca, cī—is the first quarter. By the asterism Revatī [is indicated] the sign Pisces, and that is beneath the 'u'-sound. The lord of the sign Pisces is Jupiter; Jupiter is the master of the vowel 'u'; therefore, Devadatta's planetary sound is the vowel 'u'. Likewise, in Sadānanda's name, the phoneme is 'sa', and that—among the four quarters of the asterism Śatabhiṣaj [bearing the syllables] go, sā, sī, sū—is the second quarter, having the nature of the sign Aquarius; its ruler is Saturn, standing beneath the 'o'-sound; therefore, for Sadānanda, the vowel 'o' itself is the planetary sound. Thus it should be applied everywhere. Thus conclude the planetary sounds.

2.2.17-2.p1

grahasvaracakram

The planetary sound diagram.

2.2.17-2.p2

a. i. u. e. o. svarāḥ

Vowels: a, i, u, e, o.

2.2.17-2.p3

1 3 9 2 10

1, 3, 9, 2, 10.

2.2.17-2.p4

5 4 12 7 11

5, 4, 12, 7, 11.

2.2.17-2.p5

8 6

8 6

2.2.17-2.p6

s. caṃ. bṛ. gu. śa. svāminaḥ

Sun, Moon, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn are the lords.

2.2.17-2.p7

maṃ0 bu.

Mars, Mercury.

2.2.17-2.p8

bāla kumāra yuvā vṛddha mṛta avasthā

Infant, youth, adult, old, and dead are the states.

2.2.17-2.p9

atha jīvasvaram---

Now, the life-sound:

2.2.18

ṣouṃśākharo'vargaḥ syātkādivarṇāstu pañcakam |
caturvagau vargo saṃkhyā varṣeṣu kīrttitāḥ ||

The a-class has sixteen phonemes, while the phonemes of the ka-class and the rest form groups of five;
The ya- and śa-classes have four phonemes each: [these] numbers are declared for the classes.

2.2.19

nāgrivarṇasvarā grāhmā vargāṇāṃ varṇasaṃkhyayā |
piṇḍitāḥ pañcabhirbhaktāḥ śeṣaṃ jīvasvaraṃ viduḥ ||

One should take the vowels and consonants in a name according to the numerical value of the phonemes of the classes;
Summed together and divided by five, the remainder is known as the life-sound.

2.16

ṣeḍaśākṣare'vargaḥ syāditi | avagau akārādārābhya aḥ paryantaṃ ṣoḍaśākṣaraḥ ṣoḍaśasaṃkhyākāḥ | kādivargāḥ kavargādārabhya pavargapayaintaṃ pratyekaṃ pañcasaṃkhyakāḥ | yaśau yavagraśavargī pralṛyekaṃ caturakṣarau vargedhviyaṃ saṃkhyā prakīrttitā ||28||nānnīti | nāmri varṇasvarāḥ kavargādiṣveva svarā akārādārabhya aḥ paryantā vargāṇāṃ varṇasaṃkhyayā grāhmāḥ | evaṃ saṃkhyāḥ piṇḍitāḥ ekīkṛtya pañcabhirbhaktāḥ śeṣaṃ tasya jīvasvaraṃ viduḥ ||

"The a-class has sixteen phonemes" and so on. In the a-class, starting from the letter *a* up to *aḥ*, there are sixteen phonemes having the number sixteen. The groups beginning with *ka*, from the *ka*-class up to the *pa*-class, have the number five each. The ya- and śa-classes, that is, the *ya*-class and the *śa*-class, have four phonemes each; this numerical value is proclaimed for the classes. (28) "In the name" and so on. In a name, the consonants and vowels—the vowels from *a* up to *aḥ* placed upon the *ka*-class and so forth—are to be taken according to the numerical value of the phonemes of the classes. Thus, having aggregated these numbers, uniting them, and dividing by five, the remainder is known as his life-sound.

2.16-2

yathodāharaṇam | devadattasya nāmri dakārasya tri saṃkhyā 3, dakāropari ekārasya ekādaśa saṃkhyā 11, vakārasya catuḥsaṃkhyā 4, vakārāntarbhūtā'kārasyaikasaṃkhyā 1, dvitīyadakārasya trisaṃkhyā 3, tadanta rgatā'kārasyaikasaṃkhyā |
1, prathamatakārasyaikasaṃkhyā 1, dvitīyatakārasyaika saṃkhyā 1, dvitīyatakārāntargatā'kārasyaikasaṃkhyā 1, eṣāṃ yogaḥ ṣḍviṃśatiḥ 26, svaramātrāsaṃjñoktā pañcabhekte śeṣamekāṅkaṃ tena devadattasya jīvasvaro'kāraḥ | evaṃ sadānandasya yogasaṃkhyā 24 pañcabhakte śeṣam 4 tena sadānandasyāe jīvāsvaraḥ ||

As an illustration: In the name Devadatta, the letter *d* has the number 3; the vowel *e* over the letter *d* has the number 11; the letter *v* has the number 4; the vowel *a* inherent in the letter *v* has the number 1; the second letter *d* has the number 3; the vowel *a* inherent within it has the number 1; the first letter *t* has the number 1; the second letter *t* has the number 1; the vowel *a* inherent in the second letter *t* has the number 1. The sum of these is twenty-six, 26. Divided by five according to the designation stated for the sounds and morae, the remainder is the number 1; therefore, the life-sound of Devadatta is *a*. Likewise, for Sadānanda the sum is 24; divided by five, the remainder is 4; therefore, the life-sound of Sadānanda is *e*.

2.16-2.p1

a. ā. i. ī. u. ū. ṛ ṝ. lṛ. lṝ e.

a, ā, i, ī, u, ū, ṛ, ṝ, lṛ, lṝ, e.

2.16-2.p2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

2.16-2.p3

ai. o. au. aṃ. aḥ. ka. kha. ga dha. ṅa ca.

ai, o, au, aṃ, aḥ, ka, kha, ga, gha, ṅa, ca.

2.16-2.p4

12 13 14 15 16 1 2 3 4 5 1

12 13 14 15 16 1 2 3 4 5 1

2.16-2.p5

cha. ja. pha. ña. ṭa. ṭha. ṅa ḍha. ṇa. ta. tha.

cha, ja, jha, ña, ṭa, ṭha, ḍa, ḍha, ṇa, ta, tha.

2.16-2.p6

2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 tha.

2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2

2.16-2.p7

da. dha. na. pa. pha. ba. bha. ma. ya. ra. la.

da, dha, na, pa, pha, ba, bha, ma, ya, ra, la.

2.16-2.p8

3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3

3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3

2.16-2.p9

va. śa. ṣa. sa. ha.

va, śa, ṣa, sa, ha.

2.16-2.p10

4 1 2 3 4

4 1 2 3 4

2.16-2.p11

atha rāśisvaram----

Now, the zodiacal sign sound:

2.2.20

meṣavṛṣāvakāre ca mithunādyāḥ ṣaḍaṃśakāḥ |
mithunāṃśatrayaṃ caivamikāre siṃhakarkaṭau ||

Aries and Taurus belong to *a*, along with the first six fractional divisions of Gemini;
The three fractional divisions of Gemini belong to *i*, as do Leo and Cancer.

2.2.21

kanyā tulā ukāre ca vṛścikādyāstraryo'śakāḥ |
ekāre vṛścikāntyāṃśāścāpaḥ ṣaṭ ca mṛgādimāḥ ||

Virgo and Libra belong to *u*, and the first three fractional divisions of Scorpio;
To *e* belong the final fractional divisions of Scorpio, Sagittarius, and the first six of Capricorn.

2.2.22

aṃśāstrayo mṛgasyāntyāḥ kumbhamīnau mathausvarau |
evaṃ rāśisvarāḥ proktā navāṃśaikakramodayāḥ ||

The final three fractional divisions of Capricorn, Aquarius, and Pisces belong to the sound *o*:
Thus are declared the sounds of the zodiacal signs, arising in order by single navāṃśas.

2.22

meṣavṛṣau iti | ekasmin rāśau nava navamāṃśāḥ iti tu prasiddhameva | tatra meṣasya nava vṛṣasya nava mithaṃnasya ṣaṭ evaṃ caturśiṃtisaṃkhyākanavāṃśānām tathā nakṣatragaṇanayā aśvinītaḥ ārdrāntaṃ yāvat nakṣatrāṇāṃ svāmī akāraḥ | tathā mithunasya śeṣaṃ trinavāṃśakāntaṃ siṃhasya nava, karkasya nava evamekaviṃśatisaṃkhyākanavāṃśānām tathā punarvasutaḥ ārabhṛyottarāphālagunyekacaraṇaparyantānāṃ nakṣatrāṇāṃ ca svāmī ikāraḥ | evaṃ kanyāyāḥ nava tulāyāḥ nava tathā ca vṛścikaraśerādyamaṃśakasyādyatraryo'śāsteṣāṃ tathottaruphālgunyoḥ dvitīyacaraṇādārabhyānurādhānakṣatrasya caraṇadvayaparyantānāmīśa ukāraḥ | evaṃ kṛścikarāśeḥ śeṣaṣaḍaṃśasya dhanarāśestathā makārādeḥ ṣaḍaṃśānāṃ tathā'nurādhānakṣatrasya tṛtīyacaraṇādāramya bravacaṇatṛtīyacaraṇaparyantānāmaṃśānāmadhipaḥ ekāraḥ | evaṃ makararāśeḥ śeṣatryaṃśānāṃ kumbhamīnarāśyaṃtaṃ yāvattatha śravaṇanakṣatracaturthacaraṇādārabhya revatyantānāmaṃśānāṃ svamī okāraḥ evaṃ navāṃśakrameṇa rāśisvarāḥ proktā iti rāśisvarāḥ ||

"Aries and Taurus" and so on. In one zodiacal sign there are nine navāṃśas, as is well known. There, nine of Aries, nine of Taurus, and six of Gemini, thus making twenty-four navāṃśas; likewise, in the count of lunar mansions, from Aśvinī up to the end of Ārdrā, *a* is the lord of the asterisms. Likewise, the remaining three navāṃśas of Gemini, nine of Leo, and nine of Cancer, thus making twenty-one navāṃśas; likewise, from Punarvasu up to the first quarter of Uttaraphālgunī, *i* is the lord of the asterisms. Likewise, nine of Virgo, nine of Libra, and the first three fractional divisions of Scorpio; likewise, from the second quarter of Uttaraphālgunī up to two quarters of the lunar mansion Anurādhā, *u* is the ruler. Likewise, for the remaining six fractional divisions of Scorpio, Sagittarius, and the six fractional divisions from the beginning of Capricorn; likewise, from the third quarter of Anurādhā up to the third quarter of Śravaṇa, *e* is the master of the fractional divisions. Likewise, for the remaining three fractional divisions of Capricorn, up to the end of the signs Aquarius and Pisces; likewise, from the fourth quarter of the lunar mansion Śravaṇa up to the end of Revatī, *o* is the lord of the fractional divisions. Thus the sounds of the zodiacal signs are proclaimed in order of navāṃśas. This concludes the sounds of the zodiacal signs.

2.22.p1

rāśisvaracakram

Diagrammatic wheel of zodiacal sign sounds

2.22.p2

a. i. u. e. o.

a, i, u, e, o.

2.22.p3

me. 9 mi. 3 ka. 9 vṛ. 6 ma. 3

Aries 9; Gemini 3; Virgo 9; Scorpio 6; Capricorn 3

2.22.p4

vṛ. 9 ka. 9 tu. 9 dha. 9 ku. 9

Taurus 9; Cancer 9; Libra 9; Sagittarius 9; Aquarius 9

2.22.p5

mi. 6 siṃ. 9 vṛ. 3 ma. 6 mī. 9

Gemini 6; Leo 9; Scorpio 3; Capricorn 6; Pisces 9

2.22.p6

atha nakṣatrasvaraḥ----

Now, the lunar mansion sound:

2.2.23

akāre sapta ṛkṣāṇi revatṛyādikrameṇa ca |
pañca pañca ikārādāvevamṛkṣasvarodayaḥ ||

Under *a* are seven lunar mansions, in order beginning with Revatī;
Under *i* and the rest are five each: thus is the arising of the lunar mansion sound.

2.2.23.p1

akāre iti | akāre akārasvarādhaḥ revatyādi ārdrāntaṃ saptaṛkṣāṇi lekhanīyāni | evaṃ ikārādhaḥ pañcapulanarvasutaḥ pūrvāphālgunīparyantam, ukārāyaḥ nakṣatrasvaracakram

"In a": Beneath the vowel a, seven asterisms are to be written, beginning with Revatī and ending with Ārdrā. In the same way, beneath the vowel i, five from Punarvasu up to Pūrvaphālgunī; beneath the vowel u... the asterism-sound diagrammatic wheel.

2.2.23-2

a. i. u. e. o.
re. a. puna. pu. u. ṅa anu. śra.
bha. kṛ. śle.ma. ci. svā. jthe.mū. dha. śa.
ro. mṛ. pū. vi. pūṣā. pūbhā.
ā. uṣā. ubhā.
uttarāphālgunītaḥ viśākhāparyantaṃ, ikārādhaḥ anurādhātaḥ uttarāpāḍhāntaṃ yāvat okārādhaḥ śravaṇanakṣatramābhyāttarābhādrapadaṃ yāvatpañca ṛkṣāṇi lekhyāni | evaṃ kṛte puruṣasya nāma vā janmankṣatraṃ yatsvarādho'vatiṣṭhate sasvarastasya nakṣatrasvara iti | yathā devadattasya revatī nakṣatraṃ tena devadattasya nakṣatrasvaro'kāraḥ | evaṃ sadānandasya okāro nakṣatrasvaraḥ ||

a, i, u, e, o.
Re. Aś. Puna. Pu. U. Pha. Anu. Śra.
Bha. Kṛ. Śle. Ma. Ci. Svā. Jye. Mū. Dha. Śa.
Ro. Mṛ. Pū. Vi. Pū.Ṣā. Pū.Bhā.
Ā. U.Ṣā. U.Bhā.
from Uttaraphālgunī up to Viśākhā; below *e*, five asterisms from Anurādhā up to Uttarāṣāḍhā; below *o*, five asterisms from the lunar mansion Śravaṇa up to Uttarabhādrapada are to be written. When this is done, whichever sound a person's name asterism or birth asterism stands under, that sound is his lunar mansion sound. As for example, Revatī is the lunar mansion of Devadatta; therefore, Devadatta's lunar mansion sound is *a*. Likewise, Sadānanda's lunar mansion sound is *o*.

2.2.23-2.p1

atha piṇḍasvaram----

Now, the aggregate sound:

2.2.24

nāmri varṇasvarātṛsaṃkhyā saṃkhyā mātrāsvarāttatha |
piṇḍe śarahṛte śeṣe piṇḍasvara ihocyate ||

The number from the phoneme-sound in the name, and likewise the number from the mora-sound:
When the sum is divided by five, the remainder is declared here as the aggregate sound.

2.2.24-2

nāmri varṇasvarānmātrāsvarācca yā saṃkhyā tathā nāmavarṇād jīvasvaravaśāt vā saṃkhyā sā pṛthak pṛthak dhatartavyā | saṃkhyātrayamekīkṛtya pañcabhirhate śeṣaṃ piṇḍasvaro bhavati | 24 | yathā devadattasya varṇasvaracakre da 5, e 4, va 1, a 1, da 5 a 1 eteṣāmaikyam 24 śarahṛte śeṣaṃ 4 tena devadattasya piṇḍasvara ekāraḥ |
||

The number that comes from the phoneme-sound and the mora-sound in the name, as well as the number from the phonemes of the name according to the life-sound, should each be placed separately. Bringing the three numbers together into one and dividing by five, the remainder becomes the aggregate sound. (24) As for Devadatta, in the phoneme-sound diagram: *da* 5, *e* 4, *va* 1, *a* 1, *da* 5, *a* 1; the total of these is 24; divided by five, the remainder is 4; therefore, Devadatta's aggregate sound is *e*.

2.2.25

mātrādisvarabhedena svarānutpādya nāmataḥ |
yoge śarahate śeṣe yogasvara ihocyate ||

Having produced the sounds from the name according to the distinction of sounds beginning with the mora,
When their combination is divided by five, the remainder is declared here as the conjunction sound.

2.2.15-2

mātrādiriti---mātrādiriti---mātrā ādiryeṣāṃ te mātrāvarṇagrahajīvarāśinakṣatrapiṇḍasvarāsteṣāṃ yā saṃkhyā sā ekīkṛtya pañcābhirhṛte yadavaśiṣṭaṃ tat yogasvara iti | yathā devadattasya mātrāsvara ekārastasya saṃkhyā 4. varṇasvara okārastasyasaṃkhyā 5, grahasvara ukārastasya saṃkhyā 3, jīvasvaraḥ akārastatsaṃkhyā 1, rāśi svara okārastatsaṃkhyā 5. nakṣatrasvara;akārastatsaṃkhyā 1, piṇḍasvara ekārastatsaṃkhyā 4 eṣāṃ yogaḥ 23 śarahṛte śaṃśaṃ 3 tena devadattasya yogasvara ekāraḥ | iti yogasvaraḥ ||

[On the words] "mātrā and so forth": "mātrā and so forth" means those whose beginning is the mātrā, namely the sounds of mātrā, phoneme, planet, Jupiter, zodiacal sign, lunar mansion, and aggregate. Adding up their numbers and dividing by five, the remainder is the conjunction sound. For example, in the case of Devadatta: the mātrā sound is the letter "e", its number is 4; the phoneme sound is the letter "o", its number is 5; the planet sound is the letter "u", its number is 3; the Jupiter sound is the letter "a", its number is 1; the sign sound is the letter "o", its number is 5; the asterism sound is the letter "a", its number is 1; the aggregate sound is the letter "e", its number is 4. Their sum is 23. Divided by five, the remainder is 3. By this, Devadatta's conjunction sound is the letter "e". Thus ends the conjunction sound.

2.2.15-2.p1

iti mātrādyaṣṭasvarādhyāyo dvitatīyaḥ |

Thus ends the second chapter, on the eight sounds beginning with the mātrā.