仁王般若經疏 3.23

3.23

生等者，即生苦、老苦、病苦、死苦。輪轉無際者，輪迴即是行苦。事與願違者，即是求不得苦，亦名愛別離苦。憂悲即是壞苦。欲深禍重者，論云如大海水無邊亦無底，能召重苦，故云禍重也。瘡疣無外者，貪欲內心生故。瘡疣即身自有，故云無外。三界皆苦者，明苦實樂虛。國有何賴者，明依報皆苦也。苦位有四：一欲界不淨故苦，二色界退墮故苦，三無色界不安故苦，四二乘不一向寂靜故苦。次兩偈明空。

“Birth and so forth” means the suffering of birth, the suffering of old age, the suffering of sickness, and the suffering of death. “Revolving in a cycle without boundary” means that transmigration is precisely the suffering of conditioned formations. “Matters running contrary to desires” is precisely the suffering of not getting what one seeks, also called the suffering of separation from what is loved. “Sorrow and grief” is precisely the suffering of destruction. As for “desires are deep and disasters heavy,” the treatise says that like the water of the great ocean, they are boundless and bottomless, and are able to summon heavy suffering, hence it says “disasters are heavy.” As for “sores and tumors are not external,” it is because greed and desire are produced in the internal mind. Sores and tumors are inherent to one's own body, hence it says “they are not external.” “The three realms are all suffering” explains that suffering is real and pleasure is hollow. “What reliance can a kingdom offer” explains that circumstantial retributions are all suffering. The stages of suffering are four: first, suffering because the desire realm is impure; second, suffering because the form realm involves falling back; third, suffering because the formless realm is uneasy; fourth, suffering because the two vehicles are not solely tranquil. The next two verses explain emptiness.