仁王經疏 1.8

1.8

Question: In this wheel of signlessness, which among the three natures is negated, and which among the three lack of natures is it based upon? As an explanation: Western masters are divided into two interpretations. First, Bhāviveka: he negates the three natures to establish emptiness, directly stating that the principle of emptiness is signlessness, fully as in the Madhyamakahṛdayakārikā / Tarkajvālā (Zhangzhen). Second, Dharmapāla: he negates only the imagined nature as signlessness, as in the Saṃdhinirmocana and so forth. Among the three lacks of nature, both Bhāviveka and Dharmapāla rely on the three kinds of lack of self-nature and also consider them to be signlessness. Because of this, Tripiṭaka Master Paramārtha and Tripiṭaka Master Cien each relied on one school. Tripiṭaka Master Paramārtha, according to their order, completely negates the three natures and establishes the three lacks of nature: first, negating the conceptualized nature (parikalpita-svabhāva), he establishes the signless nature of conceptualization; second, negating the dependent nature (paratantra-svabhāva), he establishes the unproduced nature of dependence; third, negating the consummate nature (pariniṣpanna-svabhāva), he establishes the natureless nature of the real. Negating the three natures in regard to the one tathatā, he establishes the three lacks of nature, fully as in the Sanwuxing lun. Therefore, Paramārtha is largely the same as Bhāviveka; however, the distinction is that Bodhisattva Bhāviveka establishes without positing, whereas Master Paramārtha's intention resides in the three lacks of nature as non-posited truth. Second, Tripiṭaka Master Cien negates only the imagined nature and does not negate the [other] two natures, because the two meanings—existing conceptually but non-existent in principle, and existing in principle but non-existent conceptually—are distinct. Furthermore, regarding the three lacks of nature, according to their order, the three natures are directly spoken of as the three lacks of nature; thus the Triṃśikā-vijñaptimātratā says: 'Relying directly on these three natures, those three lacks of nature are established.' It is fully as in the Vijñaptimātratāsiddhi, Saṃdhinirmocana-sūtra, and so forth. Therefore, the two bodhisattvas Bhāviveka and Dharmapāla each relied on their own school to explain this sūtra.