法華義疏 4.107

4.107

「諸佛滅度已」下，第二、明佛滅度後修行成佛。就文為五：第一、明見佛涅槃起戀慕心故得成佛；二、明供養舍利；三、明起塔；四、明造像；五、明三業供養故得成佛。此五則成次第，初見佛涅槃心生戀慕，涅槃已後為供養舍利，供養已後次明起塔，欲表代尊像故須造像，造像竟次辨三業供養也。言「若人善軟心」者，謂戀慕心也。又則是信心隨順諸佛、不違教門，故名善軟也。「諸佛滅度已」下，第二、明供養舍利。「起萬億種塔」下，第三、明起塔。外國名塔婆，或名偷婆，或名數斗婆，此云方墳亦名塚也。《增一阿含》云「有四事得梵福：一、無塔處立塔，二、和合聖眾，三、修治破寺，四、佛初成道請轉法輪。」梵福者，四天下眾生至六欲天，不及一梵天福也。廟者貌也。寺塔供養對之如神在，有狀貌也。木樒者，形似白檀微有香氣，長安親見之。「若人為佛故」下，第四、明造像。《優婆塞經》不許用膠，有釋云：不許用皮膠，得用木膠。有釋云：開遮有異意也。「若人於塔廟」下，第五、明三業供養。

From "After the Buddhas have attained parinirvāṇa" onward, second, it explains attaining Buddhahood through practice after the Buddha's extinction. In the text there are five [parts]: first, it explains attaining Buddhahood because of giving rise to yearning upon seeing the Buddha's nirvāṇa; second, it explains making offerings to the relics; third, it explains raising stūpas; fourth, it explains making images; fifth, it explains attaining Buddhahood through offerings of the three karmas. These five form a sequence: first, upon seeing the Buddha's nirvāṇa, yearning arises in the mind; after the nirvāṇa, one makes offerings to the relics; after making offerings, next is raising stūpas; wishing to represent the Honored One's image, one must make images; having finished making images, next is making offerings of the three karmas. "If someone with a gentle and compliant mind" refers to the yearning mind. It also means having faith that follows along with the Buddhas and does not contravene the gates of teaching; hence it is called "gentle and compliant." From "After the Buddhas have attained parinirvāṇa" onward, second, it explains making offerings to the relics. From "Raising stūpas of myriad koṭis of kinds" onward, third, it explains raising stūpas. In foreign lands, it is called *tāpó* (stūpa), or called *tōupó* (thūpa), or called *shùdǒupó* (stūpa); here translated as a "square mound" or also called a "tomb." The *Ekottarika Āgama* says: "There are four deeds by which one attains Brahmā-blessings: 1. Erecting a stūpa where there is no stūpa; 2. Bringing harmony to the noble Saṃgha; 3. Repairing a ruined monastery; 4. Requesting the turning of the wheel of Dharma when a Buddha first achieves enlightenment." "Brahmā-blessings" means that the merit of sentient beings from the four continents up to the six desire heavens does not equal the merit of a single Brahmā heaven. A "shrine" (miào) means "appearance" (mào): when making offerings to monasteries and stūpas, one faces them as if the spirit were present, possessing form and appearance. *Mùmì* (candana wood) is shaped like white sandalwood and has a faint fragrance; I have seen it personally in Chang'an. From "If a person, for the Buddha's sake" onward, fourth, it explains making images. The *Upāsakaśīla Sūtra* does not permit the use of glue. One explanation says: animal skin glue is not permitted, but plant gum may be used. Another explanation says: permission and prohibition have different intents. From "If a person in stūpas and shrines" onward, fifth, it explains offerings of the three karmas.