法華義疏 6.146

6.146

「復有諸鬼首如牛頭」下，第五、明邊見。斷常從身見生，如牛二角共在一頭。而言牛者，牛羊等愚癡，就譬而言可有三句：一者牛，二者頭，三者頭上有角。如由癡故計我，由我故起斷常也。「或食人肉或復噉狗」者，上明邊見體，今明邊見用。乖善法因果如食人肉，違惡法因果譬之噉狗也。又乖滅道為食人肉，傷苦集如噉狗也。「頭髮蓬亂」者，上略明從身見生斷常二見，今廣明從斷常生六十二見，故〈方便品〉云「入邪見稠林，若有若無等，依止此諸見，具足六十二」。斷常為眾見之本，如頭。從斷常生六十二見無有絟緒，如髮蓬亂也。「殘害凶險」者，上明六十二見體，今明其用。諸見多所乖傷，如殘害凶險。無有定慧飲食，故言「飢渴所逼」也。又此鬼亦常食人獸，如計斷常者恒欲破於中道宣諸見於口，其義顯彰如「叫喚」，心行斷常義如「馳走」也。

From "There are also ghosts whose heads are like the heads of cattle" onward, fifth, explains the extreme views. [The views of] annihilation and permanence arise from the view of a personal self, just as the two horns of a cow are together on one head. Speaking of cattle, cattle and sheep and the like are foolish. Taking it in terms of the parable, there can be three clauses: first, the cow; second, the head; and third, having horns on the head. This is like how from ignorance one posits a self, and from the self one gives rise to [the views of] annihilation and permanence. As for "Some eat human flesh, while others devour dogs," the above explained the essence of extreme views, and now this explains the function of extreme views. To conflict with the causes and effects of wholesome dharmas is like eating human flesh; to violate the causes and effects of unwholesome dharmas is compared to devouring dogs. Furthermore, to conflict with the truth of cessation and the path is eating human flesh; to injure [the understanding of] suffering and its origination is like devouring dogs. As for "Their hair is disheveled and tangled," the above briefly explained the two views of annihilation and permanence arising from the view of a personal self; now it broadly explains the sixty-two views arising from annihilation and permanence. Thus the "Expedient Means Chapter" says: "Entering the dense forest of false views, such as existence or nonexistence; relying on these various views, they become fully possessed of sixty-two." Annihilation and permanence are the basis of the many views, like the head. The sixty-two views arising from annihilation and permanence have no order or thread, like hair that is disheveled and tangled. As for "They are cruel, injurious, and perilous," the above explained the essence of the sixty-two views, and now this explains their function. The various views cause much conflict and harm, like being cruel, injurious, and perilous. Lacking the food and drink of concentration and wisdom, it therefore says, "Pressed by hunger and thirst." Furthermore, these ghosts also constantly eat humans and beasts, just as those who posit annihilation or permanence constantly wish to destroy the Middle Way and declare their various views with their mouths; their meaning is manifested as "crying and shouting," and their mental practice of annihilation and permanence is in meaning like "running about."