法華義疏 6.207

6.207

「具足一劫」者，此小劫也。「從地獄出」下，第二，明餘報墮於畜生。然從阿鼻出，必應遍歷一百三十六地獄，然後乃至畜生耳。初半偈總明墮畜生也。「若狗野干」下，第二、別明墮畜生也。略舉四種：第一、謗於極法及以尊人，故墮下賤獸中，𩑔（古[阿-可+害]切又窟音），三蒼云：頭無髮也。黮（覩咸切），三蒼云：重覩色黑貌。「若作駱駝」下，謗平等大慧之經，故受愚癡畜生報也。「有作野干又無一目」者，佛有權實二教，彼執權而破實，故得無一目報。「得打擲報」者，信經之善符理利他，謗則乖理損他，損他故還得他損報，故有打擲等也。「於此死已更受蟒身」者，謗法毀人之時心生嗔恚，故受蟒身也。「其形長大」者，瞋大法故受大苦身，不耐聞法故聾，愚癡謗故騃，不受行法故無足，多令眾生不信故為諸小虫所食。「若得為人」下，第三、明餘報。《智度論》云「謗法人非慳貪業，故不生餓鬼中，愚癡謗故得闇鈍報，亦謗智慧經故得闇鈍報。憍慢心謗故得矬報，謗微妙法故得醜陋報。謗開方便門法，故得𤼣躄報，謗正直經故得背傴報」。「貧窮下賤為人所使」者，經備萬德稱為富貴，謗富貴經故得貧窮報。乘於一乘自在無繫，謗自在法得不自在報，故為人所使。此經能破凡夫二乘菩薩之病，謗無病經得多病報，若修醫道者，謗順理法得違法報。

As for "for a full kalpa": this is a small kalpa. From "emerging from the hell" downwards is second: clarifying the remaining retribution of falling among animals. However, upon emerging from Avīci, one must necessarily pass through all one hundred and thirty-six hells before finally arriving among animals. The initial half-verse generally clarifies falling among animals. From "as a dog or jackal" downwards is second: specifically clarifying falling among animals. It briefly adduces four kinds. First, because of slandering the ultimate teaching and noble persons, one falls among lowly beasts. *Kē* (fanqie: gu-[ha-ke]切, also pronounced ku), the *Sancang* says: the head lacks hair. *Dàn* (fanqie: du-xian切), the *Sancang* says: an appearance of deep, murky black. From "if born as a camel" downwards: having slandered the sūtra of equal, great wisdom, one receives the retribution of an ignorant beast. As for "or born as a jackal lacking one eye": the Buddha has the two teachings of provisional and real; since that person clung to the provisional and attacked the real, they receive the retribution of lacking one eye. As for "receiving the retribution of being beaten and pelted with stones": the good of believing the sūtra conforms to the principle and benefits others; slander contradicts the principle and harms others. Because one has harmed others, one in turn receives the retribution of being harmed by others; hence there are beatings, peltings, and so forth. As for "dying here and again taking the body of a python": at the time of slandering the Dharma and reviling people, thoughts of anger arose in the mind, so one receives the body of a python. As for "its form is long and large": because of anger against the Great Dharma, one receives a body of great suffering; because of an inability to bear hearing the Dharma, one is deaf; because of slandering out of folly, one is stupid; because of not receiving and practicing the Dharma, one is legless; and because of causing many beings to lack faith, one is eaten by small parasites. From "if they manage to be born as a human" downwards is third: clarifying the remaining retribution. The *Da zhidu lun* says: "The person who slanders the Dharma does not act out of greed and stinginess, so they are not born among the hungry ghosts. Because they slandered out of folly, they receive the retribution of being dull-witted; also, because they slandered a sūtra of wisdom, they receive the retribution of being dull-witted. Because they slandered with an arrogant mind, they receive the retribution of dwarfism. Because they slandered the subtle and wondrous Dharma, they receive the retribution of ugliness. Because they slandered the Dharma that opens the door of expedient means, they receive the retribution of lameness and paralysis. Because they slandered the straightforward sūtra, they receive the retribution of hunchbackedness." As for "poor, lowly, and servant to others": the sūtra is endowed with myriad virtues and is called wealthy and noble; because of slandering the wealthy and noble sūtra, one receives the retribution of poverty. Riding upon the ekayāna, one is free and unconstrained; having slandered the free and unconstrained Dharma, one receives the retribution of being constrained, and hence becomes a servant to others. This sūtra can cure the illnesses of ordinary people, the two vehicles, and bodhisattvas; having slandered the disease-free sūtra, one receives the retribution of many illnesses. If one practices the way of medicine, having slandered the Dharma that accords with the principle, one receives the retribution of violating the methods.