法華義疏 8.35

8.35

「於一切法以智方便而演說之」，第三，明說一切教。所以明說一切教者，上十譬十恩蓋是一方之教，辨教猶未盡，故今明說一切教，方乃窮也。「一切法」者，《智度論》云「為、無為攝一切法；又識所知法、智所知法亦攝一切法」，又云「五法藏攝一切法：三世、無為及不可說也」。不可說即是諸法實相，非有為、非無為，言忘慮絕。正量部云：第五不可說者，即是十四無記也。《地持論》云「四法攝一切法，謂世諦及世諦智、第一義諦、第一義諦智也」。「以智方便」者，上句明所說之教，今明能說之智。智謂波若，方便即漚和，此二是諸佛父母、化物要方，故明之也。今正以智為其體、方便為用，故以智方便說一切法也。

Regarding 'He expounds all dharmas with wisdom and upāya': the third phrase, explaining the expounding of all teachings. The reason for explaining the expounding of all teachings is that the ten parables and ten benevolences above were merely the teaching of a single sphere and had not yet fully delineated the teaching; therefore, now explaining that he expounds all teachings finally exhausts it. Regarding 'all dharmas': the Da zhidu lun says, 'Conditioned and unconditioned encompass all dharmas; also, dharmas known by consciousness and dharmas known by wisdom also encompass all dharmas.' It also says, 'The five dharma treasuries encompass all dharmas: the three times, the unconditioned, and the ineffable.' The ineffable is none other than the true mark of all dharmas, which is neither conditioned nor unconditioned, transcending words and thoughts. The Saṃmatīya school says: 'The fifth, the ineffable, refers to the fourteen unanswerable questions.' The Bodhisattvabhūmi Śāstra says: 'Four dharmas encompass all dharmas: conventional truth and the wisdom of conventional truth, ultimate truth and the wisdom of ultimate truth.' Regarding 'with wisdom and upāya': the previous phrase explained the teaching that is spoken; this phrase explains the wisdom that is able to speak. 'Wisdom' refers to prajñā, and 'upāya' refers to upāya-kauśalya; these two are the father and mother of all Buddhas and the essential means of transforming beings, so they are explained. Now, taking wisdom directly as its substance and upāya as its function, he therefore expounds all dharmas with wisdom and upāya.